ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЙ МНОГОКРИТЕРИАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРЫ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ЖИЗНЕОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КОСМИЧЕСКОГО АППАРАТА ДЛЯ ПОЛЕТА В ДАЛЬНИЙ КОСМОС

Abstract

Preliminary structural analysis of a physical-chemical life support system (LSS) was made for a 1000-day mission of 4 crew members from Earth's orbit to Mars orbit and back using the next 5 criteria: robustness, total equivalent mass, insertion mass and volume, and combined expenses on R&D and reliability testing. Analyzed were structures of 4 LSS designs including supply-relied, hybrid, semi-closed and two options of nearly closed LSS by the criterion of failure classifications: all failures are independent and common cause failures are probable. An adequate level of robustness must be first reached using an integral approach that is inclusion of supplies, finalizing the system design and production, and inherent cold redundancy of critical regeneration subsystems. This must be followed by informal analysis of alternative LSS designs with rational values of the other 4 Q-factors. It was concluded that simple, reliable and cheap supply-based LSS as well as hybrid LSS are uneconomic for exploration class missions, as their insertion masses exceed the acceptable level in 5 times and twice, respectively. Nearly closed LSS is also unacceptable for the reason of very high R&D costs. Therefore, we give preference to partly closed LSS, provided the requirement to increase the LSS specific weight from 0.15 to 0.28 is satisfied.