ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОГО СТЕРЕОТИПА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ТЕЛОМ В ФАЗЕ ПОЛЕТА У СПОРТСМЕНОВ

Abstract

Materials and methods. Regularities of movement patterns in the body control the flight phase of the athletes on the example of the long jump were studied by methods of Motion Tracking and electromyography. The findings suggest that a significant difference of motor stereotypes underlying the performance of motor actions – the long jump – in different skill athletes. Results. In the initial phase (phase jumping) differences between the groups are small - repulsion athletes perform in a similar manner, a core group of athletes with a more efficient use of the reserve of the work of the knee. The nature of the work the leg muscles in athletes of both groups in this phase is also not different. However, the further execution of motor actions in athletes of both groups occurs in different ways. Athletes of the control group did not perform virtually control the body in flight phase. This is evidenced primarily high tone muscles in the arms, back and neck throughout the flight phase. Movements are performed only in the knee and hip joints, and already in the phase of “hang-up” – the highest point of the flight path - these movements have focused on the preparation for landing. Conclusions. Athletes of the main group in the flight phase involve the full range of movements - flexion and extension are performed as in the shoulder and elbow joints, as well as in the neck and spine joints. All these movements are designed to increase the range of jumps - this contributes to the removal of the legs forward, and giving the body angular acceleration by the movement of legs and head. Preparation for landing is made directly before contact with the surface, but the very nature of the phase of flight allows the athlete to use the inertia of motion of the body as much as possible to lengthen the jump and thus facilitate shock absorption and retention of balance upon landing. Formation movement patterns in the body control the flight phase of the athletes in the performance of the long jump is caused first of all a transformation of the dominant, defining the objective of motor actions - from a safe landing at the beginning to a maximum distance of the jump from qualified athletes. The result is a motor stereotype that includes only foot traffic at beginners, is complemented by the involvement of the movements of hands and body, reducing the degree of fixation of joints in high-skilled athletes.