Sağlık açısından toplumsal cinsiyet ve tütün kontrolü/Gender and tobacco control for health

Abstract

Ozet Tutun kullanimi son zamanlara kadar bir erkek davranisi olarak algilanmis, ozellikle gelismekte olan ulkelerdeki kadinlarda tutun kullanimi cok dusuk duzeyde kalmistir. Toplumun yukledigi roller geregi kadinlar “zayif”, erkekler “guclu” olarak algilanmistir ve bu kadinlari erkekler gibi guclu olma arayisina itmistir. Tutun endustrisi bu durumu kendi lehine kullanarak cinsiyet normlarini degistirmeye yonelik girisimlerde bulunmustur. Sigarayi modern kadin olmanin, erkeklerle esit olmanin, guclu olmanin, ozgurlugun sembolu olarak gostermistir. Kadinlarin tutun endustrisinin ana hedefi haline gelmesiyle, tutun kullanim sikligi acisindan erkeklerle kadinlar arasindaki fark giderek kapanmaya baslamistir. Sigara kadinlar icin de buyuk bir saglik sorunu olmaya baslamistir. Tutun kontrolunde, sigarayi cinsiyet esitliginin simgesi olarak gosteren anlayisla mucadeleye baslanmis, kadinlari tutun endustrisinin zararlarindan korumak amaclanmistir. Bu makalede dunyada ve Turkiye’de sigara icme sikliginin cinsiyete ve yillara gore nasil degistigini, toplumsal cinsiyet ve tutun iliskisini, sigaranin kadin sagligi uzerine etkilerini ve kadinlarin tutun endustrisinin ana hedefi haline nasil geldigini anlatmak amaclanmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Toplumsal cinsiyet, tutun endustrisi, tutun kontrolu, sigara icme, saglik Abstract Until recently tobacco use has been perceived as a male behavior and especially among women in developing countries- tobacco use has remained very low. According to the roles imposed by society, women are perceived as “weak”, men are perceived as “strong” and this has led women to seek to be as strong as men. The tobacco industry has attempted to change gender norms by using this situation to its own advantage, showing the cigarette as a symbol of modern women, of being equal to men and being strong and free. As women have become the main goal of the tobacco industry, the difference between men and women in terms of the frequency of tobacco use has gradually started to close. Smoking has started to be a major health problem for women. A struggle has started on the issue of controlling tobacco use and for understanding how to protect women from the damage done by the tobacco industry, which shows smoking as a symbol of gender equality. In this article, we show how the prevalence of smoking has changed in the world and in Turkey in relation to gender and age, and examine the relationship between gender and tobacco use, the effects of smoking on women's health, and demonstrate how women have become the main target of the tobacco industry. Key Words: Gender, tobacco industry, tobacco control, smoking, health