Russian Orthodox Parish Family Clubs of Sobriety. Specific of Rehabilitation Work (1992-2016)

Abstract

According to WHO report published in 2014 Russia ranks world N°4 by alcohol consumption, Croatia - N° 11, Serbia - N° 32, Italy - N° 37, USA - N° 56. Per capita alcohol consumption in modern Russia is an average 15.76 litres of pure alcohol. To compare with the year 1912 per capita alcohol consumption in Russia was 3.14 litres of pure alcohol. In WHO opinion per capita alcohol consumption over 8.0 litres of pure alcohol is a national danger.Aid programs for alcohol addicted people exist in the USA for over 100 years. In connection with obsolescence of the most popular and wide-spread Alcoholics Anonymous approach founded in 1930-1940 - other programs are actively developing now.In Russia social sobriety movement has a history of more than 130 years' experience. From the middle of the 19th century there was an active social sobriety movement connected with such names as a great Russian teacher and public figure Rachinsky S.A., the archpriest Alexander Rozhdestvensky, St. Righteous John of Kronstadt. However scientifically based aid programs for alcohol addicted people have spread in the USSR only in the eighties of the XX Century.In Croatia the development of scientific aid program for alcohol addicted has started in the sixties of the XX Century and is connected with the name of a world-famous psychiatrist Vladimir Hudolin (2.05.192226.12.1996). Vladimir Hudolin has graduated from the chair of nervous and mental diseases of medical faculty of the Zagreb university, the chair was based in 1921 by a distinguished psychoneurologist, professor, Russian nobleman Lapinskiy Michail Niki- tovich (1862, Russia - 1949, Argentina). Doing an internship in Great Britain and Scotland clinics in 1952-1953, Vladimir Hudolin has got acquainted with clinical psychiatrist and the pioneer of social psychiatry Joshua Birer who has created in 1938-1939 the first therapeutic social club for patients of lunatic asylum and also with Maxwell Jones and his therapeutic community in Belmont hospital (Henderson Hospital). On the base of psychoneurological office of university hospital named after "Doctor Mladen Stojanovic" Vladimir Hudolin on his returning to Zagreb has organized "open doors" system suggested by Scottish psychiatrist John Batty Tyyuk. He has also begun to implement there a therapeutic communities methodology, strategy of work in small groups and family approach."Rising star of social psychiatry"- the president of World association of social psychiatry A. Guilherme Ferreira has said about 45-year-old Vladimir Hudolin. Hudolin on the base of experience, theory of systems of Bertalanfi and reflections of his own began to develop social-ecological theory of alcoholism. According to this approach - problems connected with consumption of alcohol and other psychoactive agents are to be considered in the context of deviant behavior and lifestyle of addicted person. In this regard it is necessary to take into consideration the influence of immediate environment and inhabitable environment in general on the individual i.e., to estimate the influence of both individually-psychological and sociocultural factors.On April 1, 1964 Vladimir Hudolin being already a doctor of medical sciences opens at university hospital the Croatia's first The Club System for Treated Alcoholics. By 1979 there were already over 2000 such clubs on the Balkans, and currently the club aid program has spread not only in the countries of the former Yugoslavia but also in more than 30 countries worldwide. The results of the efficiency of this program were amazing as they have shown that among clubs members about 60% had permanent long remission.In Russia wide range of experts became familiar with Vladimir Hudolin's method after an article published by B. Gachich, T.P. Neborakova and E.A. Koshkina in "Journal of Addiction Problems". In 1994 an article by A.N. Baburin together with a group of authors was published, in the article Russian experts have shared their experience in Family Clubs of Sobriety (FCS) management in Moscow and Moscow area. …