Research Status and Future Development of Cooling Technologies for Green and Energy-Efficient Data Centers

中国工程科学 Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.15302/j-sscae-2022.04.010

Xintuo Chen, Liyang Zhou, Chengbin Zhang, Shuhua Wang, Liangliang Zhang, Jianfeng Chen

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引用次数: 3

Abstract

: Data centers are important infrastructure in China, with constantly increasing industry size, market revenues, and electricity consumption. The major cooling systems of data centers currently in operation in China are air-cooled, with a low energy utilization rate and great potentials for energy saving. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel cooling technologies for green and energy-efficient data centers. The cooling technology needs to solve two problems. First, as equipment heat production increases, the cooling capacity of the cooling system needs to be improved to match heat production and transfer rates. Second, to address the low energy efficiency problem, green and energy-efficient cooling technologies with industrial application prospects need to be developed. This study reviews the development status of data center cooling methods and categorizes cooling technologies into air conditioner cooling, fresh air cooling, indirect cooling, direct single-phase liquid cooling, and direct two-phase liquid cooling. We analyze the development trends of cooling technologies and suggest that green and high-efficient data centers should focus on the improvement in the efficiency of cooling systems, optimizations of hot and cold fluid channels, applications of new liquid cooling materials, and promotion of heat recovery systems. Furthermore, we propose suggestions for the stable and orderly development of the data center industry from the aspects of optimizing top-level design, developing key technologies, formulating scientific standards, improving industrial layout, and focusing on energy structure.

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面向绿色节能数据中心的冷却技术研究现状与未来发展

数据中心是中国重要的基础设施，行业规模、市场收入和用电量都在不断增长。目前中国运行的数据中心主要采用风冷冷却系统，能源利用率低，节能潜力大。因此，开发绿色节能数据中心的新型冷却技术势在必行。冷却技术需要解决两个问题。首先，随着设备产热的增加，需要提高冷却系统的冷却能力，以匹配产热和传热速率。其次，为解决能效低的问题，需要开发具有工业应用前景的绿色节能冷却技术。本文回顾了数据中心冷却方式的发展现状，将冷却技术分为空调冷却、新风冷却、间接冷却、直接单相液体冷却和直接两相液体冷却。分析了冷却技术的发展趋势，提出绿色高效数据中心应从提高冷却系统效率、优化冷热流体通道、应用新型液冷材料、推广热回收系统等方面入手。并从优化顶层设计、开发关键技术、制定科学标准、优化产业布局、聚焦能源结构等方面提出数据中心产业稳定有序发展的建议。

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来源期刊

中国工程科学

自引率

0.00%

发文量

4428

期刊介绍： "Strategic Study of CAE" is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Engineering, hosted by the Strategic Consulting Center of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company, and published by the Strategic Study of CAE Editorial Department. This journal is one of the "1+9+1" series of journals of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and its editorial board is the Consulting Working Committee of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. This bimonthly journal is published in Chinese. It is a core Chinese journal and a core journal of Chinese science and technology, included in the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD), the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) database, and the Swedish DOAJ database. The journal is positioned as an academic journal for strategic consulting in engineering and technology, mainly publishing academic papers that reflect the results of strategic consulting research in China's engineering and technology. It aims to provide counsel for the government's scientific decision-making, guidance for the industry's scientific development, and references for related academic research.