Effects of rations and seasons on milk yield and composition in small and medium dairy farms from a Tunisian northern area (Bizerte Region)

IF 1.1 4区农林科学 Q3 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Mljekarstvo Pub Date : 2021-06-29 DOI:10.15567/mljekarstvo.2021.0305

K. Attia, C. Darej, N. M’Hamdi, Ghazi Sadkaoui, N. Moujahed

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Abstract

In Tunisia, dairy farming faced several problems limiting the improvement of the milk sector, mostly at the level of small farmers. These difficulties are related to the milk quality affected by the feed quality distributed throughout the year. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rations and seasons on daily individual milk production (DIMP) and some physicochemical characteristics (Fat content: FC, Protein content: PC, Urea concentration: UC, Total Solids: TS). A survey and milk samplings were performed on 135 farmers. Collected data were treated by the variance analysis using the GLM procedure of the SAS system. This study allowed to identify four types of ration: TR1: Concentrate (CC)+Green Forage(GF), TR2: CC+Dry Forage (DF), TR3: CC+GF+DF and TR4: Diet containing Silage (S), used by farmers with the frequencies of 14.82, 37.19, 44.6 and 3.38 % respectively. The highest DIMP (P<0.0001) was obtained by TR1 (17.3 kg/day) and the lowest (13.6 kg/day) by TR2. TR4 allowed FC, PC (P<0.05) and TS (P<0.01) higher (3.84, 3.14 and 12.31 % respectively) than those obtained in the other rations. The UC (P<0.0001) was the highest in TR1 and TR3 (32.05 mg/dL) followed by TR4 (28.3 mg/dL) and TR2 (26.2 mg/dL). Concerning the season effect, the highest DIMP (P<0.0001) was obtained during spring (17.7 kg/day), the lowest was during autumn (13.1 kg/day). The FC (P<0.05) was the lowest in winter (3.52 %). The PC (P<0.01) was higher during autumn and winter (averaged 3.07 %). The UC (P<0.0001) was the highest in spring (32.23 mg/dL) and the lowest in autumn (25.67 mg/dL). It was concluded that milk parameters were in the acceptable ranges comparatively to the national averages.

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口粮和季节对突尼斯北部地区(比塞大地区)中小型奶牛场产奶量和成分的影响

在突尼斯，奶牛业面临几个问题，限制了牛奶部门的改善，主要是在小农一级。这些困难与受全年分布的饲料质量影响的牛奶质量有关。本试验旨在评价饲粮和季节对奶牛日单产乳量(DIMP)和部分理化特性(脂肪含量:FC、蛋白质含量:PC、尿素浓度:UC、总固形物:TS)的影响。对135名农民进行了调查和牛奶取样。收集的数据采用SAS系统的GLM程序进行方差分析。本研究确定了4种饲粮类型:TR1:精料(CC)+青饲料(GF)、TR2:精料(CC)+干料(DF)、TR3: CC+GF+DF和TR4:含青贮日粮(S)，使用频率分别为14.82%、37.19%、44.6%和3.38%。TR1的DIMP最高(17.3 kg/d)， TR2最低(13.6 kg/d)， P<0.0001。TR4的FC、PC和TS含量分别比其他饲粮高3.84%、3.14%和12.31% (P<0.01)。UC以TR1和TR3 (32.05 mg/dL)最高(P<0.0001)，其次为TR4 (28.3 mg/dL)和TR2 (26.2 mg/dL)。季节效应方面，春季DIMP最高(17.7 kg/d)，秋季最低(13.1 kg/d)。以冬季最低，为3.52% (P<0.05)。秋季和冬季PC最高(P<0.01)，平均为3.07%。春季最高(32.23 mg/dL)，秋季最低(25.67 mg/dL) (P<0.0001)。结果表明，与全国平均水平相比，牛奶参数在可接受范围内。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Mljekarstvo Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology

CiteScore

1.90

自引率

41.70%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Mljekarstvo is an open access, peer-reviewed international quarterly scientific journal. The first issue was published in 1951, by the Croatian Dairy Operators'' Association (today: Croatian Dairy Union, publisher). In a paper at a Union conference held 28 October 1951 in Zagreb it was said: "Our desire is that this magazine does not meet the fate of its predecessors, but that it continues to reflect the creative efforts and to provide guidelines for the producers as well as all other operators employed in the dairy industry." It is our pleasure today to say that wishes of the enthusiasts who attended the conference have come true, and the magazine Mljekarstvo during the last six decades was a reflection of the creative efforts of numerous dairy scientists and experts, and through its texts it served as a guideline in improving production and processing of milk and dairy products. Mljekarstvo has been following all the achievements of the dairy profession in Croatia, and it also gives the short surveys of world achievements. The result of the research of local and foreign scientists and experts always find their place in the magazine Mljekarstvo. It has been edited by our outstanding dairy experts employed at colleges, research institutions and dairy companies.