Evaluation of the Effect of Heat Input and Cooling Rate of Rail Flash-Butt Welding using Finite Element Method Simulation

IF 0.3 4区 材料科学 Q4 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
H. B. Pereira, E. Echeverri, L.H.D. Alves, H. Goldenstein
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Abstract Simulations using the finite element method (FEM) were done to understand the effects of heating/cooling rates on the distribution of residual stresses. Two material parameters from rails were used while the boundary conditions remained constant: heat-affected zone size, maximum temperature and heating extraction rate. To complement the analysis, a flash-butt weld of a Premium rail was done with welding parameters adjusted to obtain a narrow HAZ, without forced cooling, to examine the microstructure formed in the critical regions in the web and the edge of the rail foot. The results showed that there was a concentration of vertical residual stresses in the web region, while the presence of horizontal compression residual stresses was mostly superficial in the rail head region. The main result from the simulation sets was that when using two simulation parameters with similar materials (rails) substantially different results were obtained. Metallographic examinations showed that there was no presence of acicular microconstituents (martensite/bainite). In the rail web, proeutectoid ferrite was observed in the central region, cementite in a previous austenitic grain boundary, in the region that reached temperatures close to AC3, and almost complete spheroidization in the region of maximum spheroidization. In contrast, in the rail foot edge region, there was a completely pearlitic microstructure, in the central region and in the zone that reached temperatures close to AC3, and a lower volume of spheroidization in the region where maximum spheroidization is typically observed, probably due to the higher cooling rate in this region.
钢轨闪光对接焊接热输入和冷却速度影响的有限元模拟评估
摘要:采用有限元方法进行了数值模拟,以了解加热/冷却速率对残余应力分布的影响。在边界条件保持不变的情况下,使用钢轨中的两个材料参数:热影响区大小、最高温度和加热萃取速率。为了补充分析,在没有强制冷却的情况下,调整焊接参数以获得较窄的热影响区,对Premium钢轨的闪光对接焊接进行了测试,以检查在腹板和钢轨脚边缘的关键区域形成的微观结构。结果表明:纵向残余应力集中在腹板区域,而横向残余应力在轨头区域多为表面残余应力;仿真集的主要结果是,当使用相似材料(钢轨)的两个仿真参数时,得到的结果有很大不同。金相检查显示没有针状微组分(马氏体/贝氏体)的存在。在钢轨网中,中心区域为预共析铁素体,奥氏体晶界为渗碳体,接近AC3温度区域为渗碳体,球化程度最高的区域为几乎完全球化。相比之下,在钢轨脚边缘区域,在中心区域和温度接近AC3的区域,存在完全的珠光体微观组织,并且在通常观察到最大球化的区域,球化体积较小,可能是由于该区域的冷却速率较高。
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来源期刊
Soldagem & Inspecao
Soldagem & Inspecao 工程技术-冶金工程
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
16.70%
发文量
13
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal Soldagem & Inspeção (S&I) js a techno-scientific journal created in 1995. Printed issues of this journal are distributed free of charge to libraries in Brazil, Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. It has been printed regularly every quarter since September, 2002, and, since the beginning of 2007, its electronic version is available in the address: (http://www.abs-soldagem.org.br/s&i/). The journal is sponsored by the Brazilian Welding Association (ABS). Since its creation several well known professionals working in welding contributed with the Journal Soldagem & Inspeção and its editorial board crosses the Brazilian borders. During its evolution the Journal received ta special contribution from the Editors-in-chief : Ronaldo Paranhos, Américo Scoti, Paulo Modenesi e Alexandre Bracarence. Since January 2012 the Editor-in-chief is Ana Sofia C. M. D’Oliveira, Full professor at Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) . Her work focus mainly on Hardfacing and Physical Metallurgy. The jornal Soldagem & Inspeção also counts with 10 Associate Editors and a fix Editorial board of referees. short-term (Ad Hoc) referees can be invited to evaluate some papers submitted to the journal. The Soldagem & Inspeção journal is the scientific divulgation channel of the Brazilian Welding Association (ABS). It aims to publish original papers related to the scientific and technological development of welding, inspection, and related fields. Review papers or letters on current and controversial subjects are also published in the Journal. Its abbreviated title is Soldag. insp. (Impr.), which should be used in bibliographies, footnotes and bibliographical references and strips.
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