SOME REGULARITIES OF THE INTERRELATION OF THE GENESIS AND MINERALS DISTRIBUTION IN THE BOWELS

Abstract

Some regularities of the interrelation of the genesis and minerals distribution in the bowels based on the analysis of information on the temporal and spatial distribution of minerals in geological complexes, primarily in Ukraine, were revealed. The distribution of minerals in magmatic complexes, pegmatites, hydrothermalites and metamorphites was studied. The relationship between tectonics and the distribution of minerals is noted. There is a clear direction of the geological development of the earth's crust: the pacification of tectonic processes — the growth of platforms — the differentiation of mineral matter. The number of formed mineral species increased rapidly from Archean to Phanerozoic complexes, from "basaltic" to "crustal" mineral formation, from ultrabasic rocks to acid ones. The Pre-Greenstone crust of Ukrainian Shield (USh) is predominantly represented by plagioclases and pyroxenes; with the development of granitoids, quartz and alkali feldspars joined them. From early to late stages of USh development, the number of species increased by an order of magnitude. Near-Azov megablock is in the first place. Maximum species formation is associated with alkaline magmatism and processes involving volatile components, in particular pegmatite formation. The number of minerals in pegmatites reaches hundreds of species. Mountain building led to the destruction of igneous rocks and the formation of new minerals. The appearance of free oxygen became a powerful factor in mineral formation. Superimposed processes with the supplying of deep fluids contributed to the transformation and redistribution of minerals and the formation of polygenic ores. The distribution of minerals makes it possible to detect typomorphic species for certain processes, which can be used to determine the criteria of mineralization, its scale, and the erosion section of ore bodies. The distribution of various mineral species, and the same species with identified macro- and microdefects, as a result of the conditions of mineral formation, is of practical importance.