Did the 2018 Farm Bill’s Hemp Provisions Decriminalize Marijuana?

Q3 Social Sciences
John J. Coleman
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract In 2014, Congress removed industrial hemp with a concentration of ≥0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dry weight from the definition of marijuana in the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Hemp production was authorized in a limited pilot program until 2018, when Congress passed the Agricultural Improvement Act (Farm Bill) that expanded the program to anyone licensed to produce hemp by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) or by a USDA-approved State or Indian tribe. Hemp’s greatest value is in two of its 80-plus molecules: cannabidiol (CBD) and THC. These molecules, present in all forms of Cannabis sativa L. (cannabis), including hemp, have medicinal and recreational uses. By removing hemp from the CSA, the Farm Bill altered the legal status of hemp’s extracts, including CBD and THC. In 2018, Epidiolex®, the world’s first and only CBD-based medicine, was approved in the U.S. The drug was placed in Schedule V of the CSA to comply with an international drug treaty requiring control of cannabis and all its extracts. In April 2020, Epidiolex was removed from the CSA schedules. This occurred, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), because with a THC content below 0.3%, Epidiolex no longer met the Farm Bill’s criteria as a controlled substance. This review discusses the Farm Bill’s hemp provisions and how they have affected the legal status of hemp derivatives CBD and THC. The review also discusses a loophole in the Farm Bill that decriminalizes the production of marijuana by negligent hemp farmers. In passing, we discuss how lobbying by the hemp/CBD industry influenced passage of the Farm Bill.
2018年农业法案的大麻条款使大麻合法化了吗?
2014年,美国国会将四氢大麻酚(THC)干重浓度≥0.3%的工业大麻从联邦管制物质法案(CSA)对大麻的定义中删除。直到2018年,国会通过了《农业改进法案》(农业法案),该法案将该计划扩大到任何获得美国农业部(USDA)或美国农业部批准的州或印第安部落许可生产大麻的人。大麻的最大价值在于其80多个分子中的两个:大麻二酚(CBD)和四氢大麻酚(THC)。这些分子存在于所有形式的大麻中,包括大麻,具有药用和娱乐用途。通过将大麻从CSA中移除,农业法案改变了大麻提取物的法律地位,包括CBD和THC。2018年,世界上第一个也是唯一一个基于cbd的药物Epidiolex®在美国获得批准。该药物被列入CSA附表五,以遵守要求控制大麻及其所有提取物的国际药物条约。2020年4月,Epidiolex从CSA计划中删除。根据美国缉毒局(DEA)的说法,发生这种情况是因为Epidiolex的四氢大麻酚含量低于0.3%,不再符合《农业法案》作为受控物质的标准。本文讨论了农业法案的大麻条款,以及它们如何影响大麻衍生物CBD和THC的法律地位。该评论还讨论了农业法案中的一个漏洞,该漏洞将疏忽的大麻种植者生产大麻合法化。顺便,我们讨论了大麻/CBD行业的游说如何影响农业法案的通过。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Drug Policy Analysis
Journal of Drug Policy Analysis Social Sciences-Health (social science)
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