A Review of Family Demographics and Family Policies in the Nordic Countries

Anne Skevik Grødem
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

The aim of this article is to review key aspects of family demographics and family policies in Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Iceland, and discuss similarities and differences between the five countries. After a brief historical sketch, some aspect s of family demographics – union formation and dissolution, fertility, and female employment rates – are presented. The main part of the article reviews family policies: family benefits, parental leaves, public child-care and financial support for home-based care. The article ends with a discussion of future challenges for Nordic family policies, and the potential for policy transfer. It is emphasised that the “Nordic model” of family policy is a model with at least four faces: the “low-key” Finnish version, the maximalist equality-and-choice-oriented Norwegian version, the Swedish dual earner/dual carer version and the universal employment-oriented Danish version.
北欧国家家庭人口统计和家庭政策综述
本文的目的是回顾瑞典、丹麦、芬兰、挪威和冰岛的家庭人口统计和家庭政策的关键方面,并讨论这五个国家之间的异同。在简短的历史概述之后,介绍了家庭人口统计的一些方面——婚姻的形成和解散、生育率和女性就业率。文章的主要部分回顾了家庭政策:家庭福利,育儿假,公共儿童保育和家庭护理的财政支持。文章最后讨论了北欧家庭政策未来面临的挑战,以及政策转移的可能性。报告强调,家庭政策的“北欧模式”至少有四种面貌:“低调”的芬兰模式、以平等和选择为导向的最大主义挪威模式、双重挣钱/双重照顾者的瑞典模式和以普遍就业为导向的丹麦模式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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