The Rise and Spread of the Hong Men Chee Kung Tong in the Cantonese Pacific and Beyond

IF 0.4 4区历史学 Q1 HISTORY

PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1525/phr.2023.92.1.1

F. González

引用次数: 1

Abstract

Using sources in English, Spanish, and Chinese from across the Pacific Rim, this article uses a global scale to examine the Cantonese sworn brotherhood known as the Chee Kung Tong. Whereas in 1860 the organization was largely limited to the West Coast of North America, by the early twentieth century it spread to six continents and throughout the Pacific Rim. The article argues that the Chee Kung Tong, far from being simply a criminal organization or an apolitical mutual aid society, attracted members throughout the Cantonese diaspora, and that a focus on networks like the Chee Kung Tong allows us to examine diasporic history in new and revealing ways.

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在粤东太平洋及其他地区，洪门智公堂的兴起与传播

本文使用来自环太平洋地区的英语、西班牙语和中文资料，在全球范围内考察了被称为Chee Kung Tong的广东宣誓兄弟会。1860年，该组织主要局限于北美西海岸，到20世纪初，它已扩展到六大洲和整个环太平洋地区。这篇文章认为，Chee Kung Tong远不是一个简单的犯罪组织或一个非政治性的互助会，它吸引了所有散居海外的广东人的成员，对Chee Kung Tong这样的网络的关注使我们能够以一种新的、具有启发性的方式来审视散居海外的历史。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

PACIFIC HISTORICAL REVIEW HISTORY-

CiteScore

0.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： For over 70 years, the Pacific Historical Review has accurately and adeptly covered the history of American expansion to the Pacific and beyond, as well as the post-frontier developments of the 20th-century American West. Recent articles have discussed: •Japanese American Internment •The Establishment of Zion and Bryce National Parks in Utah •Mexican Americans, Testing, and School Policy 1920-1940 •Irish Immigrant Settlements in Nineteenth-Century California and Australia •American Imperialism in Oceania •Native American Labor in the Early Twentieth Century •U.S.-Philippines Relations •Pacific Railroad and Westward Expansion before 1945