Essential Security Interests of States - Some Observations on the Emerging Practice under International Law

Joanna Połatyńska
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Abstract

This paper tackles the notion of the essential security interest of a State as an exception enshrined in numerous treaties since the beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of the analysis is to establish whether the practice of international courts, tribunals, and other bodies competent to settle the disputes under international law has created any guidelines for interpretation of sometimes vague and discretionary terms used in the wording of essential security interest clauses included in different international treaties. The method is based on the exegetical analysis of jurisprudenceof international courts, tribunals and dispute settlement bodies in cases concerning interpretation of essential security interest clauses. The protection of vital interests of the State, designed as an exception to treaty-based international obligations,has been well established in treaty practice. The wordings of particular essential security interest clauses differ depending on the objects and purposes of the particular treaties, but the core stipulations of the essential security interest clauses remain very similar. The analysis of the judgments, awards and decisions allows to formulate some general conclusions as to the application of essential security interest clauses. Measures allowed under essential security interest exception must be intended toprotect ‘essential security interests’ of the invoking State. Although States remain discretion to define their essential security interests, it must be done in good faith, consistent with the ordinary meaning of the stipulation and treaties’ object and purpose.
国家的基本安全利益——对国际法新实践的一些看法
本文论述了国家的基本安全利益作为20世纪初以来载入许多条约的例外的概念。分析的目的是确定国际法院、法庭和其他有权根据国际法解决争端的机构的实践是否为解释不同国际条约所载的基本担保利益条款的措辞中有时使用的模糊和酌情措词创造了任何准则。该方法基于对国际法院、法庭和争端解决机构在解释基本担保利益条款方面的判例的注释分析。保护国家的重大利益,作为以条约为基础的国际义务的例外,已在条约实践中得到充分确立。虽然具体的基本担保利益条款的措词因具体条约的目的和宗旨而异,但基本担保利益条款的核心规定却大同小异。通过对判决、裁决和决定的分析,可以对基本担保利益条款的适用得出一些一般性的结论。基本安全利益例外下允许的措施必须旨在保护援引国的“基本安全利益”。虽然各国在确定其基本安全利益方面仍有自由裁量权,但必须本着诚意,符合规定的一般含义和条约的目标和宗旨。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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