D. Syrakov, M. Prodanova, E. Georgieva, E. Hristova
{"title":"Applying WRF-CMAQ models for assessment of sulphur and nitrogen deposition in Bulgaria for the years 2016 and 2017","authors":"D. Syrakov, M. Prodanova, E. Georgieva, E. Hristova","doi":"10.1504/ijep.2019.10026238","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Wet, dry and total depositions of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) in Bulgaria are simulated on an annual and seasonal basis for the years 2016 and 2017 using WRF-CMAQ (9 km grid resolution). The mean annual values for wet depositions are about 1,300 kg.km–2, the dry depositions are slightly lower for S and significantly lower for N (180 kg.km–2). The highest modelled wet depositions are in the western and south-western parts of the country, the highest dry depositions – in the northern and eastern parts. The comparison for the wet depositions at three sites with precipitation chemistry data indicates overestimation. A precipitation bias adjustment applied to the modelled depositions results in decrease of the normalised mean bias by a factor of 3. Comparison to modelled deposition data from literature for this region of the country is also provided.","PeriodicalId":14072,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5000,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Environment and Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2019.10026238","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
Wet, dry and total depositions of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) in Bulgaria are simulated on an annual and seasonal basis for the years 2016 and 2017 using WRF-CMAQ (9 km grid resolution). The mean annual values for wet depositions are about 1,300 kg.km–2, the dry depositions are slightly lower for S and significantly lower for N (180 kg.km–2). The highest modelled wet depositions are in the western and south-western parts of the country, the highest dry depositions – in the northern and eastern parts. The comparison for the wet depositions at three sites with precipitation chemistry data indicates overestimation. A precipitation bias adjustment applied to the modelled depositions results in decrease of the normalised mean bias by a factor of 3. Comparison to modelled deposition data from literature for this region of the country is also provided.
期刊介绍:
IJEP provides an international forum in the field of environment and pollution and addresses early and medium-term challenges involving scientific prediction, modelling and assessment. It focuses on ground-breaking research in the science of environmental pollution, at the early scientific stage. It is one of three key journals which together offer complete coverage of environmental issues: IJETM focuses on technical/engineering, policy and management solutions for environmental problems, and IJGEnvI focuses on future, longer-term environmental scenarios, ecological economics, climate change and biodiversity.