Examining peer learning as a strategy for advancing uptake of evidence-based practices: a scoping review

Abstract

Background: Continued evolution of knowledge-to-action (KTA) theories requires increased attention to dynamics of power and ways to integrate multiple forms of knowledge. Peer learning – a process through which knowledge users interact with other learners – is a valuable but largely unexamined strategy for integrating practice-based knowledge in the KTA process.Aims and objectives: This study undertakes a scoping review to examine how peer-learning strategies have been used to advance knowledge users’ capacity for implementing evidence-based practices.Methods: A search of ten online databases and a manual search of five journals was conducted to identify studies published between 2001 and 2018. Selected publications included 26 studies conducted in Canada, the US, the UK, Australia, and the Netherlands. Studies utilised peer learning as a capacity-building strategy to advance the uptake or implementation of evidence-based practices among professionals in social services, education, or health/mental health sectors.Findings: Links between peer-learning strategies and multiple individual and/or collective capacities for implementing evidence-based practices were identified from selected studies. Individual capacities linked to peer learning include knowledge of the practice, attitudes (for example, motivation and ‘buy-in’), and practical skills. Collective capacities supported through peer learning included knowledge exchange, knowledge generation, relationship development, networking, and resource/tool sharing. Peer learning was often paired with didactic or expert-led activities.Discussion and conclusions: This scoping review identifies how peer learning has been used as a capacity-building strategy in implementation initiatives. Peer-learning activities provide a means to help integrate multiple forms of knowledge in the KTA process.Key messagesIn this review, we examined peer learning strategies that build capacity among knowledge users in implementation;Peer learning strategies are often used in combination with didactic instruction and/or expert facilitation;Peer learning has been used to advance knowledge users’ individual and collective capacity for implementation;Evaluative research is needed to better understand how peer learning influences implementation capacity.