Reservoir characteristics of the Bass Islands dolomite in Otsego County, Michigan: Results for a saline reservoir CO2 sequestration demonstration

Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences
W. Harrison, G. Grammer, D. Barnes
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引用次数: 11

Abstract

As part of a phase II plan to understand, test, and evaluate the CO2 sequestration potential for deep saline reservoirs in Michigan, a demonstration test well was completed in late 2006 in Otsego County, northern lower Michigan. The well was drilled to 3630 ft (1006 m) and open-hole logged. Selected conventional cores totaling 180 ft (55 m) were taken in the saline reservoir (Bass Islands Formation), the immediately overlying confining unit (Bois Blanc Formation), and the overlying seal (Amherstberg Formation). Additionally, 24 sidewall cores were taken in several uphole formations. The whole core was sampled every foot by drilling 2-in. (5-cm)-long and 1-in. (2.5-cm)-diameter test plugs for porosity and permeability (PP) analyses. Seventy-four horizontal plugs, 12 vertical plugs, 6 whole cores, and 17 sidewall core plugs were sent to Core Laboratories for routine PP analyses. Fifteen blue-dyed, epoxy-impregnated thin sections were made from selected PP plugs. The whole core was slabbed for examination and description of lithology, sedimentary structures, and facies characteristics. This Upper Silurian and Lower–Middle Devonian stratigraphic section was carefully examined for lithology and facies characteristics that relate to reservoir and seal properties pertinent to CO2 sequestration. The overlying primary seal (Amherstberg Formation) is a low-porosity, low-permeability limestone that is highly fossiliferous and densely cemented with calcite and chalcedony. This unit is the ultimate vertical barrier to the vertical migration of fluids. The immediately overlying confining unit (Bois Blanc Formation) is a very cherty limestone and dolostone with moderate porosity and low permeability. Some fluids may move into this unit, but very low permeability will severely restrict the vertical flow. Thin sections show abundant microporosity. The target saline reservoir interval (Bass Islands Formation) is a variably porous and permeable dolostone composed of several tidal flat cyclic packages. The Bass Islands Formation has a gross thickness of 70 ft (21 m) with a reservoir interval composed of more than 40 ft (12 m) of greater than 10% porosity and permeability zones exceeding 500 md. Average porosity over the entire Bass Islands is 12.5%. Average permeability is 22.4 md. The CO2 injection tests, using the Bass Islands section, were completed during February and March 2008. Analysis of the Bass Islands Formation in northern Michigan indicated excellent reservoir quality for injection and storage of CO2 and high-quality sealing units to prevent vertical migration. Monitoring well data conducted during and after the injection test validates preinjection reservoir simulation modeling performed at Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs using well data and rock observations from this study.
密歇根州Otsego县Bass Islands白云岩储层特征:盐储层CO2封存演示结果
作为了解、测试和评估密歇根州深层盐储层二氧化碳封存潜力的第二阶段计划的一部分,2006年底在密歇根州北部的Otsego县完成了一口示范测试井。该井钻至3630英尺(1006米)深,并进行了裸眼测井。选择的常规岩心总长度为180英尺(55米),分别取自盐储层(Bass Islands地层)、紧接的上覆封闭单元(Bois Blanc地层)和上覆密封层(Amherstberg地层)。此外,在几个微孔地层中取了24个侧壁岩心。钻进2英寸,每英尺对整个岩心进行取样。(5厘米)长,1英寸。(2.5 cm)直径测试插头,用于孔隙度和渗透率(PP)分析。74个水平桥塞、12个垂直桥塞、6个全岩心和17个侧壁岩心送到核心实验室进行常规PP分析。用选定的PP塞制作了15个蓝染环氧浸渍的薄片。整个岩心被切成薄片,用于检查和描述岩性、沉积构造和相特征。研究人员仔细检查了上志留统和中泥盆统下地层剖面的岩性和相特征,这些特征与与二氧化碳封存有关的储层和密封特性有关。上覆的原生封层(Amherstberg组)是一种低孔隙度、低渗透的石灰岩,具有高度的化石性,并被方解石和玉髓紧密胶结。该单元是流体垂直运移的最终垂直屏障。紧上覆的围封单元(布瓦布朗组)是一种中等孔隙度和低渗透率的非常燧石质灰岩和白云岩。一些流体可能会进入该单元,但非常低的渗透率将严重限制垂直流动。薄片显示出丰富的微孔隙。目标咸化储层层段(巴斯群岛组)是由几个潮坪旋回包体组成的多孔性和渗透性不等的白云岩。巴斯群岛地层总厚度为70英尺(21米),储层间距超过40英尺(12米),孔隙度大于10%,渗透率超过500 md,整个巴斯群岛的平均孔隙度为12.5%。平均渗透率为22.4 md。2008年2月至3月,巴斯群岛井段完成了二氧化碳注入测试。对密歇根州北部Bass Islands地层的分析表明,该油藏具有良好的注入和储存CO2的储层质量,并且具有高质量的密封单元,可以防止垂直运移。在注入测试期间和之后进行的井数据监测,验证了Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs使用该研究的井数据和岩石观测进行的注入前油藏模拟建模。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Environmental Geosciences
Environmental Geosciences Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth and Planetary Sciences (all)
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