3D marine systems-an exploration tool

Abstract

From their introduction, 3D marine surveys have been widely used for field development where commercial hydrocarbons were known to exist. The high trace density and full 3D migration provide a data set that allows detailed interpretation of complex geologic structures and, in many cases, provides good stratigraphic information as well. The result has been better placement of development wells, making field development more efficient and costeffective. The reconnaissance 3D method has the potential to make the use of 2D detail grids obsolete and should become the standard for detail exploration surveys. It brings the advantages of 3D methods, but not their costs, to the exploration phase of the search for petroleum. It is a cost-effective exploration tool.