Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria

Abstract

Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are known to have major impact on malaria control when properly used. The study was carried out to ascertain the impact of ITNs on P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi metropolis two months after free distribution of ITNs. Questionnaires were served to obtain demographics and information on ownership and use of ITNs. Rapid diagnostic test strips were used to screen participants for malaria parasite. Of the 356 people interacted with, 256 (71.9%) had ITNs. The prevalence of P. falciparum among non-users of ITN (100) was higher 61(61.0%) than that of users (256) which was 35(13.7%), there was significant difference in the prevalence of malaria among users and non-users of ITNs (P= 0.001). Out of the 208(50.4%) females, 65(67.7%) tested positive while 31(32.3%) out of 148(41.6%) males tested positive. There was significant difference between sex and infection (P= 0.031). Age 0-15 years had the highest prevalence of 44(45.8%), while 48 and above years had the least prevalence of 4(4.2%). There was no significant difference between age and infection (P=0.557). Also, from this study, HND/B.Sc holders had a greater number of utilization of ITNs of 110(42%) while those with no academic qualification had the lowest utilization rate of 20(7.8%). There was significant difference between educational qualification and ITNs usage (P=0.001). Vulnerable population should use ITNs properly and consistently to ensure prevention of malaria. A follow up to monitor ITNs compliance is strongly encouraged.