Integrative Cardiac Reserve

Abstract

Recent progress suggests that integrative cardiac reserve is important in coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and other cardiovascular diseases. Integrative cardiac reserve includes coronary flow reserve, myocardial reserve, energy reserve, and heart rate reserve. In the case of stress reaction, coronary flow reserve can provide excessive blood and energy supply and increase the heart rate. Thus, the dysfunctional myocardium can recover its contractile characteristics. In this study, we review the current knowledge on integrative cardiac reserve in order to provide an additional cure and strategy for the treatment of heart diseases.