“Wrestling with Apartheid”: South Africa–US Amateur Wrestling Relations, Rebel Tours, and the Anti-Apartheid Movement, 1960–1991

IF 0.4 4区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
Hendrik Snyders
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

From the onset, South African amateur wrestling, under the auspices of the SA Amateur Wrestling Union and its successors, was organized along racial lines and, under apartheid, it continued to cater exclusively to white amateurs. By 1970, it was suspended from the International Amateur Wrestling Federation. Denied participation in international competition, it resorted to rebel and boycott-busting tours involving a number of sympathetic countries and individuals in Europe, the Americas, and the Far East. Organized mostly clandestinely, it succeeded in offering international competition to the South African national wrestling team for almost two decades. One program, the Oregon Wrestling Cultural Exchange, was particularly strong. This US-based program generated strong opposition from the Amateur Athletics Association, the International Wrestling Federation, and several anti-apartheid organizations. It survived until the end of the 1980s, when the USA Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act (1986) and the campaigns of the anti-apartheid movement closed it down.
“与种族隔离的摔跤”:1960-1991年南非-美国业余摔跤关系、反叛之旅和反种族隔离运动
从一开始,在南非业余摔跤联盟及其后继者的主持下,南非业余摔跤就按照种族界限组织起来,在种族隔离制度下,它继续专门为白人业余爱好者提供服务。到1970年,它被国际业余摔跤联合会禁赛。由于无法参与国际竞争,它诉诸于反抗和抵制之旅,其中包括欧洲、美洲和远东的一些同情它的国家和个人。该组织大多是秘密组织的,在近20年的时间里,它成功地为南非国家摔跤队提供了国际比赛。俄勒冈州摔跤文化交流项目尤其强大。这个美国的项目引起了业余田径协会、国际摔跤联合会和几个反种族隔离组织的强烈反对。它一直存在到20世纪80年代末,当时美国全面反种族隔离法案(1986年)和反种族隔离运动的运动关闭了它。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
16.70%
发文量
26
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