REFINING OF HIGH FREE FATTY ACID RICE BRAN OIL AND ITS QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS

R.G. RAJA RAJAN, A.G. GOPALA KRISHNA
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引用次数: 13

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Commercial rice bran contains 15–20% of oil and also an endogenous lipase which degrades the oil and produces free fatty acids (FFAs). This study was undertaken to examine the quality of refined oil prepared from crude oil after the action of endogenous lipase in bran. The oil which was degraded by lipase to low, medium and high FFAs, upon extraction in the rice bran oil industry were obtained and were refined in the laboratory, and quality of the oils was studied. The crude oils had FFA of 6.5, 36.0 and 87.0%; oryzanol content of 1.52, 1.55 and 1.65%; color of 32.0, 65.0 and 65.0, lovibond units; unsaponifiable matter of 3.2, 4.2 and 4.9%; phytosterol content of 4,600, 4,000 and 1,900 ppm; and sum of tocopherols and tocotrienols of 962, 56 and 96 ppm, respectively. After refining these three crude oils (6.5, 36.0 and 87.0% FFA) were refined; the resultant oils had an FFA content of 0.4, 2.4 and 4.8%; oryzanol content of 1.13, 2.5 and 6.35%; color of 20.0, 55.0 and 50.0 lovibond units; unsaponifiable matter of 3.5, 6.5 and 33.4%, phytosterol content of 4,900, 6,100 and 13,800 ppm, and the sum of tocopherols and tocotrienols of 1,050, 880 and 740 ppm, respectively. The refined oils produced from high FFA crude oil had high amounts of unsaponifiable matter, oryzanol, phytosterols and sum of tocopherols and tocotrienols than the permitted level for refined rice bran oil. The refined rice bran oil obtained from fresh rice bran (without lipase action) contained about 90% of triacylglycerols whereas, the refined oil from that of high FFA bran oil showed about 10% triacylglycerols. Hence the latter cannot be used as an edible oil, but instead can be used at low levels as a nutraceutical in foods.

PRACTICAL APPICATIONS

The suitability of refined rice bran oils from crude oils obtained from lipase-acted brans for use as edible oil was investigated. For this purpose, the lipase-acted bran oils were subjected to physicochemical analysis along with their refined oils. The refined oils had high amounts of phytosterols as well as tocopherols and tocotrienols when compared with their respective crude oils. Fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of the refined oils prepared from low free fatty acid (FFA) crude oil or the high FFA crude oil were almost similar with little changes. As the refined oils obtained from high FFA crude oils had very low levels of triacylglycerols and a high unsaponifiable matter, it cannot be used as refined rice bran oil. However, it can be used as a nutraceutical of rice bran oil in small amounts to provide health benefits.

高游离脂肪酸米糠油的精制及其品质特性
商品米糠含有15-20%的油脂和一种内源性脂肪酶,该酶可降解油脂并产生游离脂肪酸(FFAs)。研究了麸皮内源性脂肪酶对原油精制成品油质量的影响。以米糠油工业为原料,经脂肪酶提取得到低、中、高游离脂肪酸含量的米糠油,并在实验室进行了精制,对其品质进行了研究。原油FFA分别为6.5、36.0和87.0%;谷维素含量分别为1.52、1.55和1.65%;颜色32.0、65.0、65.0,爱维邦单位;不皂化物为3.2、4.2和4.9%;植物甾醇含量分别为4,600、4,000和1,900 ppm;生育酚和生育三烯酚的总和分别为962、56和96 ppm。三种原油(FFA含量分别为6.5、36.0和87.0%)经精炼后得到;所得油FFA含量分别为0.4、2.4和4.8%;谷维素含量分别为1.13%、2.5%和6.35%;20.0、55.0、50.0洛夫邦单位颜色;不皂化物含量分别为3.5、6.5和33.4%,植物甾醇含量分别为4,900、6,100和13,800 ppm,生育酚和生育三烯醇含量分别为1,050、880和740 ppm。高游离脂肪酸原油制取的成品油的不皂化物、谷丙醇、植物甾醇以及生育酚和生育三烯醇的含量均高于精制米糠油的允许水平。新鲜米糠(无脂肪酶作用)精制米糠油的三酰基甘油含量约为90%,而高游离脂肪酸米糠油精制米糠油的三酰基甘油含量约为10%。因此,后者不能用作食用油,但可以在低水平下用作食品中的营养保健品。研究了以脂肪酶作用米糠为原料制备精制米糠油作为食用油的适宜性。为此,对脂肪酶作用的麸皮油及其精炼油进行了理化分析。与各自的原油相比,成品油含有大量的植物甾醇、生育酚和生育三烯醇。低游离脂肪酸(FFA)原油和高游离脂肪酸(FFA)原油制得的成品油脂肪酸和甘油三酯组成基本相似,变化不大。由高游离脂肪酸原油制取的成品油中甘油三酯含量极低,不皂化物含量高,不能作为精制米糠油使用。然而,它可以作为少量米糠油的营养保健品来使用,以提供健康益处。
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来源期刊
Journal of Food Lipids
Journal of Food Lipids 工程技术-食品科技
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