Oscillation of differential equations with non-monotone retarded arguments

Abstract

Consider the first-order retarded differential equation $$\begin{eqnarray}x^{\prime }(t)+p(t)x({\it\tau}(t))=0,\quad t\geqslant t_{0},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $p(t)\geqslant 0$ and ${\it\tau}(t)$ is a function of positive real numbers such that ${\it\tau}(t)\leqslant t$ for $t\geqslant t_{0}$ , and $\lim _{t\rightarrow \infty }{\it\tau}(t)=\infty$ . Under the assumption that the retarded argument is non-monotone, a new oscillation criterion, involving $\liminf$ , is established when the well-known oscillation condition $$\begin{eqnarray}\liminf _{t\rightarrow \infty }\int _{{\it\tau}(t)}^{t}p(s)\,ds>\frac{1}{e}\end{eqnarray}$$ is not satisfied. An example illustrating the result is also given.