The typology and diachrony of higher numerals in Indo-European: a phylogenetic comparative study

IF 2.1 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Andreea S. Calude, Annemarie Verkerk
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引用次数: 24

Abstract

Numerals have fascinated and mystified linguists, mathematicians and lay persons alike for centuries. The productive use of numerals (in languages where this happens) exploits recursivity to give rise to what we call the ‘the number line’. While the smaller numerals 1–10 have enjoyed intense scrutiny, the typological study of the formation of the higher numerals has received comparatively less attention. This article contains a comprehensive typological account of how languages in the Indo-European language family code numerals beyond 10 (10–99, 100s, 1,000s), the morphemes involved, and how these are ordered. We use this dataset from eighty-one Indo-European languages with phylogenetic comparative methods to propose diachronic reconstructions of these patterns in the Proto-Indo-European language. Our findings indicate that small numerals (11–19) show the widest cross-linguistic variation, and that higher numerals exhibit more consistency in both component parts and their ordering. Additionally, we show statistical evidence of correlations between the ordering of base and atom morphemes and other word order patterns (noun-postposition, noun-genitive, and verb-object order).
印欧语高级数字的类型学和历时:系统发育的比较研究
数个世纪以来,数字一直令语言学家、数学家和非专业人士着迷和困惑。数字的有效使用(在发生这种情况的语言中)利用递归性产生了我们所说的“数轴”。虽然较小的数字1-10受到了密切的关注,但对较大数字形成的类型学研究受到的关注相对较少。本文对印欧语系的语言如何编码超过10的数字(10 - 99、100、1000)、所涉及的语素以及它们的顺序进行了全面的类型学描述。我们使用来自81种印欧语言的数据集,采用系统发育比较方法,提出了这些模式在原始印欧语言中的历时重建。我们的研究结果表明,小数字(11-19)表现出最广泛的跨语言差异,而大数字在组成部分和顺序上表现出更大的一致性。此外,我们还展示了基本语素和原子语素的顺序与其他词序模式(名词-后置、名词-属和动词-宾语顺序)之间的相关性的统计证据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Language Evolution
Journal of Language Evolution Social Sciences-Linguistics and Language
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
7.70%
发文量
8
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