Psychological Outcome in Children with Disorders of Sex Development: Implications for Treatment and Understanding Typical Development

Abstract

Abstract Much scientific and public attention has been focused on controversies regarding the treatment of people with disorders of sex development (DSD, informally called intersex), particularly the basis for sex assignment, the need for and consequences of “gender-confirming” genital surgery, the mental health consequences of treatment, and the relative contributions to gender development of genes, hormones, and socialization. Evidence relevant to these controversies is reviewed and considered for its implications for treating individuals with DSDs, and for understanding typical and atypical psychological development in the general population.