Evaluating GPS sampling rates for pedestrian assistant systems

IF 1.2 Q4 TELECOMMUNICATIONS
C. Schneider, Sebastian Zutz, K. Rehrl, Richard Brunauer, Simon Gröchenig
{"title":"Evaluating GPS sampling rates for pedestrian assistant systems","authors":"C. Schneider, Sebastian Zutz, K. Rehrl, Richard Brunauer, Simon Gröchenig","doi":"10.1080/17489725.2016.1259509","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, assistant systems have come to widespread use and support people in various situations e.g. in getting from A to B. For quite a time also assistant systems with special attention to older people have been developed. For example, in case of cognitive impairments where autonomous living indoors as well as outdoors is affected, assistant systems can be valuable aids. First attempts for outdoor assistance with GPS-based location systems offering the possibility to define geo-fences for raising an alert if a known area is left have been made. The quality of these systems is largely dependent on the precision of localisation which among others is influenced by the sampling rate. This paper reports on an empirical study under real world conditions to determine a suitable GPS sampling rate for movement analysis of (cognitively impaired) pedestrians. The work considers GPS measurement and interpolation errors as well as track losses as a result of low sampling rates. For the study, GPS data for different environmental settings and movement scenarios for sampling rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 s has been collected. The impact of sampling rates on movement parameters like track length and speed has been empirically measured. Additionally, the influence of smoothing approaches on data quality and whether downsampling of data has the same effect as recording with corresponding lower sampling rate has been studied. Results show that across all tested scenarios a sampling rate of 3–5 s seems to be appropriate with respect to speed and track length. Additionally, it can be argued that smoothing improves data quality of highly sampled data (up to 4 s). With downsampling, outliers are less in comparison to data sampled at the corresponding sampling rate.","PeriodicalId":44932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Location Based Services","volume":"10 1","pages":"212 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/17489725.2016.1259509","citationCount":"7","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Location Based Services","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17489725.2016.1259509","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"TELECOMMUNICATIONS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7

Abstract

Abstract In recent years, assistant systems have come to widespread use and support people in various situations e.g. in getting from A to B. For quite a time also assistant systems with special attention to older people have been developed. For example, in case of cognitive impairments where autonomous living indoors as well as outdoors is affected, assistant systems can be valuable aids. First attempts for outdoor assistance with GPS-based location systems offering the possibility to define geo-fences for raising an alert if a known area is left have been made. The quality of these systems is largely dependent on the precision of localisation which among others is influenced by the sampling rate. This paper reports on an empirical study under real world conditions to determine a suitable GPS sampling rate for movement analysis of (cognitively impaired) pedestrians. The work considers GPS measurement and interpolation errors as well as track losses as a result of low sampling rates. For the study, GPS data for different environmental settings and movement scenarios for sampling rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 s has been collected. The impact of sampling rates on movement parameters like track length and speed has been empirically measured. Additionally, the influence of smoothing approaches on data quality and whether downsampling of data has the same effect as recording with corresponding lower sampling rate has been studied. Results show that across all tested scenarios a sampling rate of 3–5 s seems to be appropriate with respect to speed and track length. Additionally, it can be argued that smoothing improves data quality of highly sampled data (up to 4 s). With downsampling, outliers are less in comparison to data sampled at the corresponding sampling rate.
行人辅助系统的GPS采样率评估
近年来,辅助系统得到了广泛的应用,并在各种情况下为人们提供支持,例如从A到b。很长一段时间以来,专门针对老年人的辅助系统也被开发出来。例如,在影响室内和室外自主生活的认知障碍的情况下,辅助系统可以成为有价值的辅助工具。首次尝试使用基于gps的定位系统进行户外援助,该系统可以定义地理围栏,以便在已知区域被遗弃时发出警报。这些系统的质量很大程度上取决于定位的精度,而定位的精度又受到采样率的影响。本文报告了一项在现实世界条件下的实证研究,以确定适合(认知障碍)行人运动分析的GPS采样率。该工作考虑了GPS测量和插值误差以及低采样率导致的航迹损失。本研究收集了采样率为1、2、3、4、5、10、15、20和25 s的不同环境设置和运动场景下的GPS数据。采样率对轨迹长度和速度等运动参数的影响进行了实证测量。此外,还研究了平滑方法对数据质量的影响,以及数据的下采样是否与相应低采样率的记录具有相同的效果。结果表明,在所有测试场景中,3-5秒的采样率似乎与速度和轨迹长度有关。此外,可以认为平滑提高了高采样数据的数据质量(高达4秒)。通过降采样,与以相应采样率采样的数据相比,异常值更少。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
8.70%
发文量
12
期刊介绍: The aim of this interdisciplinary and international journal is to provide a forum for the exchange of original ideas, techniques, designs and experiences in the rapidly growing field of location based services on networked mobile devices. It is intended to interest those who design, implement and deliver location based services in a wide range of contexts. Published research will span the field from location based computing and next-generation interfaces through telecom location architectures to business models and the social implications of this technology. The diversity of content echoes the extended nature of the chain of players required to make location based services a reality.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信