Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks with Cobalt(II)-Phthalocyanine Sites for Efficient Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction

Abstract

The rapid development in synthesis methodology and applications for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has been witnessed in recent years. However, the synthesis of highly stable functional COFs still remains a great challenge. Herein two-dimensional polyimide-linked phthalocyanine COFs (denoted as CoPc-PI-COF-1 and CoPc-PI-COF-2) have been devised and prepared through the solvothermal reaction of the tetraanhydrides of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacarboxyphthalocyaninato cobalt(II) with 1,4-phenylenediamine and 4,4′-biphenyldiamine, respectively. The resultant CoPc-PI-COFs with a four-connected sql net exhibit AA stacking configurations according to powder X-ray diffraction studies, showing permanent porosity, thermal stability above 300 °C, and excellent resistance to a 12 M HCl aqueous solution for 20 days. Current–voltage curves reveal the conductivity of CoPc-PI-COF-1 and CoPc-PI-COF-2 with the value of 3.7 × 10^–3 and 1.6 × 10^–3 S m^–1, respectively. Due to the same Co(II) electroactive sites together with similar permanent porosity and CO₂ adsorption capacity for CoPc-PI-COFs, the cathodes made up of COFs and carbon black display a similar CO₂-to-CO Faradaic efficiency of 87–97% at applied potentials between ?0.60 and ?0.90 V (vs RHE) in 0.5 M KHCO₃ solution. However, in comparison with the CoPc-PI-COF-2&carbon black electrode, the CoPc-PI-COF-1 counterpart provides a larger current density (j_CO) of ?21.2 mA cm^–2 at ?0.90 V associated with its higher conductivity. This cathode also has a high turnover number and turnover frequency, amounting to 277?000 and 2.2 s^–1 at ?0.70 V during 40 h of measurement. The present result clearly discloses the great potential of 2D porous crystalline solids in electrocatalysis.