Unrevealing the Role of miRNA in Successful TNBC Treatment: A Pilot Study to Explore the Chemotherapy Drugs for Timely Treatment of TNBC

Abstract

Abstract Objective  Worldwide, breast cancer is the most prevalent and common type of cancer. Physical examination and mammography with a range of sensitivities are currently used as screening methods. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNA) as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, miRNA 125, 200c, 221, 21, and 34a were selected for study. Materials and Methods  Here, 25 consenting TNBC patients with negative ER/PR/HER-2 status and compatible history were accrued from the Department of Oncosurgery, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal. Serum from participants and 25 controls was collected for quantitative estimation of miRNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. After being treated with epirubicin, capecitabine, and paclitaxel, the MDA-MB-231 cell line's expression of these miRNA subtypes was also examined. Results  miRNA125 ( p < 0.0001) and miRNA21 ( p < 0.05) were found to be statistically significant. miR125 (ΔCt [cycle threshold] 2.77) was seen to be upregulated and miR21 (ΔCt -1.61) was seen to be downregulated in TNBC patients. Epirubicin treatment caused miR125 to be downregulated, but capecitabine treatment caused miR125 to be upregulated. Paclitaxel was seen to downregulate miR21. All three chemotherapeutic agents were seen to downregulate miR34a. Conclusion  miRNAs can be developed into a reliable biomarker and prognostic tool with more research. They can also help develop and improve pharmaco-therapeutic strategies.