How to achieve exceptional points in coupled resonators using a gyrator or PT-symmetry, and in a time-modulated single resonator: high sensitivity to perturbations

IF 1.5 Q4 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
A. Nikzamir, K. Rouhi, A. Figotin, F. Capolino
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

We study the rise of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in various distinct circuit configurations such as gyrator-based coupled resonators, coupled resonators with PT-symmetry, and in a single resonator with a time-varying component. In particular, we analyze their high sensitivity to changes in resistance, capacitance, and inductance and show the high sensitivity of the resonance frequency to perturbations. We also investigate stability and instability conditions for these configurations; for example, the effect of losses in the gyrator-based circuit leads to instability, and it may break the symmetry in the PT-symmetry-based circuit, also resulting in instabilities. Instability in the PT-symmetry circuit is also generated by breaking PT-symmetry when one element (e.g., a capacitor) is perturbed due to sensing. We have turned this instability “inconvenience” to an advantage, and we investigate the effect of nonlinear gain in the PT-symmetry coupled-resonator circuit and how this leads to an oscillator with oscillation frequency very sensitive to perturbation. The circuits studied in this paper have the potential to lead the way for a more efficient generation of high-sensitivity sensors that can detect very small changes in chemical, biological, or physical quantities.
如何在使用旋转器或pt对称的耦合谐振器中实现特殊点,以及在时间调制的单谐振器中:对扰动的高灵敏度
我们研究了在各种不同的电路结构中异常简并点(EPD)的上升,例如基于旋转器的耦合谐振器,具有pt对称的耦合谐振器,以及具有时变元件的单个谐振器。特别地,我们分析了它们对电阻、电容和电感变化的高灵敏度,并显示了谐振频率对微扰的高灵敏度。我们还研究了这些构型的稳定性和不稳定性条件;例如,在基于旋转器的电路中,损耗的影响会导致不稳定,在基于pt对称的电路中,损耗可能会破坏对称性,也会导致不稳定。当一个元件(例如电容器)由于感应而受到扰动时,也会破坏pt对称性,从而产生pt对称性电路的不稳定性。我们已经将这种不稳定性“不便”转化为优势,我们研究了非线性增益在pt对称耦合谐振器电路中的影响,以及这如何导致振荡频率对扰动非常敏感的振荡器。本文研究的电路有可能引领更高效的高灵敏度传感器的产生,这种传感器可以检测化学、生物或物理量的微小变化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
EPJ Applied Metamaterials
EPJ Applied Metamaterials MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
6.20%
发文量
16
审稿时长
8 weeks
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