THE PERPETUAL STRUGGLE: HOW THE COEVOLUTION OF HIERARCHY AND RESISTANCE DRIVES THE EVOLUTION OF MORALITY AND INSTITUTIONS

IF 0.3 4区 哲学 Q4 ETHICS
A. Buchanan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract Since the earliest human societies, there has been an ongoing struggle between hierarchy and resistance to hierarchy, and this struggle is a major driver of the evolution of moralities and of institutions. Attempts to initiate or sustain hierarchies are often met with resistance; hierarchs then adopt new strategies, which in turn prompt new strategies of resistance; and so on. The key point is that the struggle is typically conducted using moral concepts in justifications for or against unequal power and involves the stimulation of the moral emotions. Both parties to the struggle treat morality as a valuable strategic resource; and the dynamic of interaction between hierarchs and resisters generates changes in that resource. The hierarch/resister struggle is in part a competition between moral concepts and justifications, and that competition drives the emergence of new moral concepts and justifications, just as competition in other contexts generates innovations. Among the moral concepts generated by the struggle are the following: authority, legitimacy, aristocracy, the divine right of kings, the mandate of heaven, natural rights, civil and political rights, constitutionalism, the rule of law, sovereignty, collective self-determination, exploitation, oppression, and domination.
永恒的斗争:等级和抵抗的共同进化如何推动道德和制度的进化
自最早的人类社会以来,等级制度和对等级制度的抵制之间一直存在着持续的斗争,这种斗争是道德和制度演变的主要驱动力。发起或维持等级制度的尝试经常会遇到阻力;然后,等级者采取新的策略,这反过来又促使新的抵抗策略;等等......关键的一点是,这种斗争通常是用道德概念来为支持或反对不平等的权力辩护,并涉及道德情感的刺激。斗争双方都把道德作为宝贵的战略资源;等级者和抵抗者之间的动态互动产生了资源的变化。等级者与抵抗者之间的斗争在某种程度上是道德概念和理由之间的竞争,这种竞争推动了新的道德概念和理由的出现,就像其他情况下的竞争产生创新一样。这场斗争产生的道德观念包括:权威、合法性、贵族制度、君权神权、天命、自然权利、公民权利和政治权利、宪政、法治、主权、集体自决、剥削、压迫和统治。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Social Philosophy and Policy is an interdisciplinary journal with an emphasis on the philosophical underpinnings of enduring social policy debates. The issues are thematic in format, examining a specific area of concern with contributions from scholars in different disciplines, especially philosophy, economics, political science and law. While not primarily a journal of policy prescriptions, some articles in each issue will typically connect theory with practice. The 2006 issues are "Justice and Global Politics" and "Taxation, Economic Prosperity, and Distributive Justice". The 2007 issues will be "Liberalism: Old and New" and "Ancient Greek Political Theory".
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