Factores asociados a asfixia perinatal en un hospital de Callao, Perú

Abstract

Objective

To determine the factors associated with perinatal asphyxia in the Neonatal Department of the Hospital Nacional IV Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, during 2014.

Patients and methods

Case-control study. The subjects were newborns diagnosed with perinatal asphyxia and the controls were healthy newborns of the same age range, chosen randomly in the same period of study.

Results

A total of 80 cases and 160 controls completed the sample of this study. Independent variables associated with perinatal asphyxia were: a) prenatal gestational factors: higher education (OR = .12 [95% CI: .04-.40]) and adequate prenatal care (OR = .32 [95% CI: .14-.76); b) prenatal obstetric factors: pre-eclampsia (OR = 5.07 [95% CI: 2.28-11.28]), prolonged labour (OR = 10.77 [95% CI: 3.64-31.87]), abruptio placentae (OR = 38.08 [95% CI: 5.44-266.46]), and chorioamnionitis (OR = 6.13 [95% CI: 1.06-35.62]), and c) neonatal factors: preterm newborns (OR = 3.66 [95% CI: 1.71-7.82]), and intrauterine growth restriction (OR = 9.05 [95% CI: 2.14-38.27]).

Conclusions

In Hospital of Callao, Peru, the main risk factors of perinatal asphyxia were: abruptio placentae, prolonged labour, chorioamnionitis, pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and preterm newborn. The protective factors for were: higher education level and adequate prenatal care.