NIH Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats (CounterACT) Research Program

D. Jett
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Abstract

The NIH is taking a leadership role in pursuing the development of new and improved medical countermeasures designed to prevent, diagnose, and treat the conditions caused by potential and existing chemical agents of terrorism. In addition, many of the same chemicals posing a threat as terrorist agents may also be released from transportation and storage facilities by industrial accidents or during a natural disaster. The NIH has developed a comprehensive Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats (CounterACT) Research Network that includes Research Centers of Excellence, individual research projects, Small Business Grants and Contracts, and other programs (see http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/research/counterterrorism/index.htm). The network will conduct basic, translational, and clinical research aimed at the discovery and/or identification of better therapeutic and diagnostic medical countermeasures against chemical threat agents. The overarching goal of this research program is to enhance our diagnostic and treatment response capabilities during an emergency. The civilian chemical threat spectrum now includes chemical warfare agents, toxic industrial chemicals, toxins and other chemicals. Many of the highest priority chemical threat agents target the nervous system and require new and improved neurotherapeutics that can be used as safe and rapid medical countermeasures during a mass casualty situation. Examples of these chemical agents include anticholinesterase nerve “gases” such as sarin or VX, metabolic poisons such as cyanide, and biological neurotoxins such as saxitoxin. The type of research supported within the CounterACT research program includes: (1) mechanistic research to identify targets for therapeutic/diagnostic development, (2) development of in vitro and animal models for efficacy screening of therapeutics and diagnostic tools, (3) efficacy screening of therapeutics/diagnostics using new and validated in vitro and animal models, (4) advanced efficacy studies with appropriate animal models including nonhuman primates, and (5) clinical studies, including trials, when appropriate. Special consideration will be given to research relevant to people who are particularly vulnerable, including the young, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing medical conditions.

Interested parties are encouraged to contact Dr. David A. Jett, via email at [email protected] or by telephone at (301) 496-6035 for more information and funding opportunities within the NIH CounterACT research program.

美国国立卫生研究院应对化学威胁(抵消)研究计划
国立卫生研究院在开发新的和改进的医疗对策方面发挥着领导作用,这些对策旨在预防、诊断和治疗由潜在的和现有的恐怖主义化学制剂引起的疾病。此外,许多构成恐怖主义分子威胁的化学品也可能因工业事故或自然灾害而从运输和储存设施中释放出来。美国国立卫生研究院开发了一个全面的应对化学威胁研究网络,其中包括卓越研究中心、个人研究项目、小企业赠款和合同以及其他项目(见http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/research/counterterrorism/index.htm)。该网络将开展基础、转化和临床研究,旨在发现和/或确定针对化学威胁剂的更好的治疗和诊断医学对策。这项研究计划的首要目标是提高我们在紧急情况下的诊断和治疗反应能力。民用化学威胁范围现在包括化学战剂、有毒工业化学品、毒素和其他化学品。许多最优先的化学威胁剂以神经系统为目标,需要新的和改进的神经治疗方法,以便在大规模伤亡情况下用作安全和快速的医疗对策。这些化学制剂的例子包括抗胆碱酯酶神经“气体”,如沙林或VX,代谢性毒物,如氰化物,生物神经毒素,如蛤蚌毒素。抵消研究项目支持的研究类型包括:(1)机制研究,以确定治疗/诊断开发的靶点;(2)开发体外和动物模型,以筛选治疗和诊断工具的疗效;(3)使用新的和经过验证的体外和动物模型筛选治疗/诊断方法的疗效;(4)使用适当的动物模型(包括非人灵长类动物)进行高级疗效研究;(5)临床研究,包括试验,如果合适的话。将特别考虑与特别易受伤害的人有关的研究,包括年轻人、老年人和已有疾病的个人。我们鼓励有兴趣的各方通过电子邮件[email protected]或电话(301)496-6035与David A. Jett博士联系,以获取更多信息和NIH抵消研究计划的资助机会。
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