Tolerancia oral en artritis experimental inducida por antígeno en conejos por administración de hidrolizado de cartílago articular

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by polyarticular inflammation, swelling and inflammation that affects more than 1% of the world population. The pathobiology of rheumatoid arthritis involves several cell populations as T lymphocytes, B, macrófagosy fibroblasts, and a complex proinflammatory cytokines interactions. Conventional and biologic therapies do not always work or produce only a partial improvement. Immunological tolerance is a mechanism by which the immune system prevents autoreactivity. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of peptides from an from articular cartilage hydrolysate extracted of tarsus (HCA) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in a model of rheumatoid arthritis (AAE) in rabbits. AAE animals showed inflammation and pain within de first month of the primary immunization that was reversed in the AAE + HCA group. The control group showed a normal unnaffected synovial tissue. The AAE group revealed an inflamatory process whith synovial hyperplasia, filtering in lymphocytes and vascular proliferation. The treated group decreased significantly inflammation, lymphocyte proliferation and angiogenesis. Arthritic rabbits increased the levels in flammatory markers as nitric oxide, interferon gamma (INF-ɣ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) compared to control and significantly reduced levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4). The treatment showed a significant reduction of nitricoxide, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and an increase in IL-4. This work suggests that this therapy may be useful in the clinical aspect and the biochemical and immune parameters. Future studies with larger numbers of animals and other laboratory parameters may provide additional evidence in this regard.