The Prognostic Role of [18F]FDG PET/CT in Patients with Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Submitted to Cemiplimab Immunotherapy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Abstract

Background: Baseline 2-deoxy-2[¹⁸F]fluoro-d-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-derived parameters and 12-week metabolic response were investigated as prognostic factors in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) submitted to cemiplimab immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: Clinical records of 25 cSCC patients receiving cemiplimab, submitted to [¹⁸F]FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) at baseline and after ∼12 weeks, were retrospectively reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) method was applied to analyze differences in event-free survival (EFS), and Cox regression analysis was employed to identify the prognostic factors. Results: At the 12-week PET/CT evaluation, 16 patients (64%) were classified as responders (complete or partial response) and 9 (36%) as nonresponders ("unconfirmed progressive metabolic disease") according to immune PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (iPERCIST). By KM analysis, baseline metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) significantly correlated with the EFS (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the KM analysis showed that the lack of metabolic response at 12 weeks was associated with meaningfully shorter EFS (7.2 ± 1 months in nonresponders vs. 20.3 ± 2.3 months in responders). In Cox multivariate analysis, metabolic response at 12 weeks remained the only predictor of the EFS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Baseline tumor load (i.e., MTV and TLG) and metabolic response at 12 weeks may have a prognostic impact in cSCC patients treated with cemiplimab.