Environmental geological aspects of the dolomites of South Africa

D.B. Buttrick , J.L. van Rooy , R. Ligthelm
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引用次数: 11

Abstract

The dolomite rocks in South Africa coincide for the most part with the so-called Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging complex which comprises the industrial heart of the country. Urban development will, therefore, also be concentrated in this area, with the inevitable establishment of townships on the dolomite. This development has great impact on the dolomitic environment and vice versa.

The most important environmental aspects which influence Man's occupation of the dolomite environment include the formation of sinkholes and dolines (compaction subsidences) and also the potential pollution of the dolomite aquifers. These aquifers consist of weathered, blanketing materials overlying the bedrock with sometimes shallow water levels, high permeabilities, storativities and transmisivities. All these factors contribute to the excellent groundwater resource in the dolomite rocks as well as to their high pollution potential.

The environmental hazards associated with development of dolomite land is discussed with reference to loss of life, financial implications and efforts to reduce the impact of development. The importance of pre-emptive and appropriate land management is stressed. A clear understanding of the dolomite environment is, therefore, essential.

南非白云岩的环境地质方面
南非的白云岩大部分与所谓的比勒陀利亚-威特沃特斯兰德-弗里尼格宁综合设施相吻合,该综合设施构成了该国的工业中心。因此,城市发展也将集中在这一地区,在白云岩上不可避免地建立乡镇。这种发展对白云岩环境有很大的影响,反之亦然。影响人类对白云岩环境的占领的最重要的环境方面包括天坑和白云岩的形成(压实沉降)以及对白云岩含水层的潜在污染。这些含水层由风化的、覆盖在基岩上的物质组成,有时水位较浅,渗透性、储水性和透射率高。这些因素使白云岩具有良好的地下水资源,同时也具有较高的污染潜力。讨论了与开发白云岩地有关的环境危害,涉及生命损失、财政问题和减少开发影响的努力。强调了先发制人和适当的土地管理的重要性。因此,对白云岩环境的清楚了解是必不可少的。
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