Wave scattering from moving turbulence and wind velocity measurements

Abstract

The problem of measuring horizontal winds in the lower atmosphere with a VHF/UHF bistatic radar is reconsidered because of recent progress in the analysis of troposcatter systems with joint diversity. The measurement procedures for spatial diversity of small antennas and angular diversity of large antennas are substantiated. It has been established that for the joint measurements of crosspath mean wind velocity and large-scale air vorticity the size of the scattering volume along the path also has to be estimated. Radar wind velocity estimates over a 495 km sea trans-horizon path are compared with radiosonde data over the height range up to 4 km.