Cellular mechanisms of epithelial stem cell self‐renewal and differentiation during homeostasis and repair

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI:10.1002/wdev.361

Diya Das, Russell B. Fletcher, J. Ngai

引用次数: 18

Abstract

Epithelia in adult mammals exhibit remarkable regenerative capacities owing to the presence of adult stem cells, which self‐renew and differentiate to replace cells lost to normal turnover or injury. The mechanisms supporting tissue homeostasis and injury‐induced repair often differ from each other as well as from those used in embryonic development. Recent studies have also highlighted the phenomenon of cellular plasticity in adult tissues, in which differentiated cells can change fate and even give rise to new stem cell populations to complement the canonical stem cells in promoting repair following injury. Signaling pathways such as WNT, bone morphogenetic protein, and Sonic Hedgehog play critical roles in stem cell maintenance and cell fate decisions across diverse epithelia and conditions, suggesting that conserved mechanisms underlie the regenerative capacity of adult epithelial structures.

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上皮干细胞在稳态和修复过程中的自我更新和分化的细胞机制

由于成体干细胞的存在，成年哺乳动物的上皮细胞表现出显著的再生能力，这些干细胞可以自我更新和分化，以取代因正常转换或损伤而失去的细胞。支持组织稳态和损伤诱导修复的机制往往彼此不同，也与胚胎发育中使用的机制不同。最近的研究也强调了成体组织中的细胞可塑性现象，在这种现象中，分化的细胞可以改变命运，甚至产生新的干细胞群体，以补充规范的干细胞，促进损伤后的修复。信号通路如WNT、骨形态发生蛋白和Sonic Hedgehog在不同上皮和条件下的干细胞维持和细胞命运决定中发挥关键作用，表明成人上皮结构再生能力的保守机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-

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期刊介绍： Developmental biology is concerned with the fundamental question of how a single cell, the fertilized egg, ultimately produces a complex, fully patterned adult organism. This problem is studied on many different biological levels, from the molecular to the organismal. Developed in association with the Society for Developmental Biology, WIREs Developmental Biology will provide a unique interdisciplinary forum dedicated to fostering excellence in research and education and communicating key advances in this important field. The collaborative and integrative ethos of the WIREs model will facilitate connections to related disciplines such as genetics, systems biology, bioengineering, and psychology. The topical coverage of WIREs Developmental Biology includes: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns; Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies; Signaling Pathways; Early Embryonic Development; Invertebrate Organogenesis; Vertebrate Organogenesis; Nervous System Development; Birth Defects; Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal and Regeneration; Cell Types and Issues Specific to Plants; Comparative Development and Evolution; and Technologies.