Combined toxic effects of T-2 toxin and propiconazole on the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

IF 6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Sciences Europe Pub Date : 2023-01-28 DOI:10.1186/s12302-023-00714-7

Shuai Zhang, Xuan Liu, Lu Lv, Chuande Liu, Ting Luo, Hongmei Zhu, Jinjie Zhang, Yanhua Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Agricultural products are frequently co-contaminated by mycotoxins and pesticides. Most studies have only focused on the single toxicities of these chemicals, while their combined effects are neglected. Therefore, we investigated the combined toxic effects of T-2 toxin (T-2) and propiconazole (PRO) on zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Results

Our data exhibited that T-2 had higher toxicity to embryonic fish (96-h LC₅₀ value of 0.39 mg a.i. L⁻¹) than PRO (96-h LC₅₀ value of 17.16 mg a.i. L⁻¹). The mixture of T-2 and PRO showed an acute synergistic effect on zebrafish. Meanwhile, indicators associated with oxidative stress (SOD, Mn-sod, and cat) displayed significant variations in most exposures to T-2 and PRO mixtures (MTP) compared with the single exposures. The expressions of apoptosis-related genes cas3 and cas9 were also substantially elevated in the high-dose MTP exposure compared with the corresponding T-2 exposure. Besides, the expressions of endocrine system-related genes (TRβ, tsh, crh, cyp19a, and vtg1) were markedly varied in most MTP exposures compared with the corresponding single exposures. Our present results suggested that the mixture of T-2 and PRO could cause enormous effects on oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid/hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG/HPT) axis of zebrafish.

Conclusions

Our results provided new insights into the development of combined pollution standards for agricultural products. Taken together, the impact of the combined effects could be considered and regulated as priorities.

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T-2毒素和丙环康唑对斑马鱼早期的联合毒性作用

农产品经常受到真菌毒素和农药的共同污染。大多数研究只关注这些化学物质的单一毒性，而忽略了它们的综合作用。因此，我们研究了T-2毒素(T-2)和丙环康唑(PRO)对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的联合毒性作用。结果T-2对胚胎鱼的毒性(96 h LC50值为0.39 mg a.i. L−1)高于PRO (96 h LC50值为17.16 mg a.i. L−1)。T-2和PRO的混合物对斑马鱼表现出急性协同效应。与此同时，与氧化应激相关的指标(SOD, Mn-sod和cat)在大多数暴露于T-2和PRO混合物(MTP)中显示出与单一暴露相比的显著变化。与相应的T-2暴露相比，高剂量MTP暴露的凋亡相关基因cas3和cas9的表达也显著升高。此外，内分泌系统相关基因(TRβ、tsh、crh、cyp19a和vtg1)的表达在大多数MTP暴露中与相应的单一暴露相比有显著变化。我们目前的研究结果表明，T-2和PRO的混合可以对斑马鱼的氧化应激、细胞凋亡和下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺/下丘脑-垂体-性腺(HPG/HPT)轴产生巨大的影响。结论sour结果为农产品污染综合标准的制定提供了新的思路。综合起来，这些综合影响的影响可以作为优先事项加以考虑和管制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution

CiteScore

11.20

自引率

1.70%

发文量

110

审稿时长

13 weeks

期刊介绍： ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.