Quantification of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions of PM10 Particles in Selected Areas of Kolkata Metropolitan City, India

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Aerosol Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI:10.1007/s41810-022-00158-1

Praveen Tudu, Paramita Sen, Punarbasu Chaudhuri

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Several anthropogenic (like industries, vehicles, coal-based thermal power plants, etc.) and natural sources (like lightning, degradation of organic matter, etc.) emit a copious amount of primary gaseous pollutants like Sulphur dioxide (SO₂), Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and Ammonia (NH₃), which further contribute in the formation of particulate matters where they are present in the form of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII) like SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺, respectively. To assess the conversion of primary gaseous pollutants into dissolved ions in PM₁₀, real-time sampling (24 h average) of PM₁₀ and primary gaseous pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, NH₃) from September 2021 to March 2022 over 13 highly polluted places in Kolkata were performed. Then PM₁₀ was quantified using the gravimetric method, while NO₂ and NH₃ were estimated through chemiluminescence and SO₂ was estimated through the fluorescent spectrometric method. Analysis of WSII species in PM₁₀ was also performed through the spectrophotometric method and then to understand the conversion of the primary gaseous pollutants into WSIIs in PM₁₀, sulphur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) and ammonia conversion ratio (NHR) was calculated. The results showed that NO₂ is the most abundant primary gaseous pollutant in the ambient air of Kolkata [highest in Dumdum (73.6 μgm⁻³)] and NO₃^– is the most abundant WSII in PM₁₀ of Kolkata [highest in Bansdroni (3.74 μgm⁻³)] and the SOR and NOR values were significantly higher in Bansdroni and NHR was significantly higher in Santoshpur due to presence of optimum meteorological conditions. Lightning is one of the major natural sources of NO_x. So, due to lightning, atmospheric NOx level increases which then gets associated with particulate matter, increasing the concentration of NO₃⁻ ion in particulate matter due to gas-particle partitioning. This is indicated by strong linear correlation coefficients (R² = 0.746) between a number of flashes on the day of sampling and NO₃⁻ concentration in PM₁₀ aerosol.

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印度加尔各答市选定地区PM10颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的定量

一些人为来源（如工业、车辆、燃煤火力发电厂等）和自然来源（如闪电、有机物降解等）会排放大量的主要气体污染物，如二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO2）和氨（NH3），它们进一步有助于颗粒物质的形成，其中它们分别以水溶性无机离子（WSII）的形式存在，如SO42-、NO3-、NH4+。为了评估PM10中主要气体污染物转化为溶解离子的情况，从2021年9月到2022年3月，对加尔各答13个高污染地区的PM10和主要气体污染物（SO2、NO2、NH3）进行了实时采样（24小时平均值）。然后用重量法定量PM10，用化学发光法估算NO2和NH3，用荧光光谱法估算SO2。通过分光光度法对PM10中的WSII物种进行了分析，然后计算了PM10中主要气体污染物转化为WSII的硫氧化比（SOR）、氮氧化比（NOR）和氨转化率（NHR）。结果表明，NO2是加尔各答环境空气中含量最高的主要气体污染物[Dumdum最高（73.6μgm−3条件闪电是氮氧化物的主要自然来源之一。因此，由于闪电，大气中的NOx水平增加，然后与颗粒物有关，由于气体颗粒的分配，颗粒物中NO3离子的浓度增加。这由强线性相关系数（R2 = 0.746）在采样当天的多次闪光和PM10气溶胶中的NO3−浓度之间。

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来源期刊

Aerosol Science and Engineering Environmental Science-Pollution

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

7.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： ASE is an international journal that publishes high-quality papers, communications, and discussion that advance aerosol science and engineering. Acceptable article forms include original research papers, review articles, letters, commentaries, news and views, research highlights, editorials, correspondence, and new-direction columns. ASE emphasizes the application of aerosol technology to both environmental and technical issues, and it provides a platform not only for basic research but also for industrial interests. We encourage scientists and researchers to submit papers that will advance our knowledge of aerosols and highlight new approaches for aerosol studies and new technologies for pollution control. ASE promotes cutting-edge studies of aerosol science and state-of-art instrumentation, but it is not limited to academic topics and instead aims to bridge the gap between basic science and industrial applications. ASE accepts papers covering a broad range of aerosol-related topics, including aerosol physical and chemical properties, composition, formation, transport and deposition, numerical simulation of air pollution incidents, chemical processes in the atmosphere, aerosol control technologies and industrial applications. In addition, ASE welcomes papers involving new and advanced methods and technologies that focus on aerosol pollution, sampling and analysis, including the invention and development of instrumentation, nanoparticle formation, nano technology, indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring, air pollution control, and air pollution remediation and feasibility assessments.