The Role of Social Isolation on Mediating Depression and Anxiety among Primary Family Caregivers of Older Adults: A Two-Wave Mediation Analysis.

IF 2 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
Jiaming Liang, Maria P Aranda, Yuri Jang, Kathleen Wilber
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Abstract

Background: Primary family caregivers of older people with chronic care conditions are highly vulnerable to social isolation and psychological strains such as depression and anxiety due to their demanding responsibilities. This study examines how social isolation mediates the relationship between caregiving stress and mental health symptoms of primary family caregivers.

Methods: The analytic sample included 881 primary caregivers of older adults from the 2015 and 2017 National Study of Caregiving (NSOC). Social isolation was measured using a composite structure that includes objective social disconnectedness and subjective loneliness. Two-wave mediation models were estimated to examine longitudinally if social isolation mediated the relationship between caregiving stress (subjective & objective stress) and mental health symptoms (depression & anxiety) of primary caregivers.

Results: The study findings indicate that both subjective (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) and objective stress (β = 0.21, p = 0.003) have direct effects on depression among primary caregivers. Social isolation was found to only mediate the relationship between objective stress and depression (β = 0.18, p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant direct and indirect pathway was found in the anxiety model.

Conclusions: The study demonstrates the internal mechanism where objective strains of caregiving make family caregivers socially isolated, which in turn leads to increased symptoms of depression. Future interventions and practices aimed at improving the psychological well-being of family caregivers should prioritize strategies aimed at increasing social engagement, particularly for those with heavy caregiver burdens.

Abstract Image

社会孤立对老年人主要家庭照顾者抑郁和焦虑的中介作用:双波中介分析
背景:患有慢性护理疾病的老年人的主要家庭照顾者由于其苛刻的责任,极易受到社会孤立和抑郁和焦虑等心理压力的影响。本研究探讨了社会隔离如何介导主要家庭照顾者的照顾压力和心理健康症状之间的关系。方法:分析样本包括来自2015年和2017年全国护理研究(NSOC)的881名老年人的主要护理人员。社会孤立是使用一种复合结构来衡量的,该结构包括客观的社会孤立和主观的孤独。两波中介模型被估计为纵向检验社会隔离是否介导了主要照顾者的照顾压力(主观和客观压力)和心理健康症状(抑郁和焦虑)之间的关系。结果:研究结果表明 = 0.32,p 结论:该研究证明了客观的照顾压力使家庭照顾者在社会上孤立的内在机制,这反过来又导致抑郁症状的增加。未来旨在改善家庭照顾者心理健康的干预措施和做法应优先考虑旨在增加社会参与的战略,特别是对那些照顾者负担沉重的人。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
3.70%
发文量
97
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Behavioral Medicine (IJBM) is the official scientific journal of the International Society for Behavioral Medicine (ISBM). IJBM seeks to present the best theoretically-driven, evidence-based work in the field of behavioral medicine from around the globe. IJBM embraces multiple theoretical perspectives, research methodologies, groups of interest, and levels of analysis. The journal is interested in research across the broad spectrum of behavioral medicine, including health-behavior relationships, the prevention of illness and the promotion of health, the effects of illness on the self and others, the effectiveness of novel interventions, identification of biobehavioral mechanisms, and the influence of social factors on health. We welcome experimental, non-experimental, quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies as well as implementation and dissemination research, integrative reviews, and meta-analyses.
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