Long-Term (2013–2018) Relationship of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ionic Species of PM2.5 with Ammonia and Other Trace Gases in Delhi, India

IF 1.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Aerosol Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI:10.1007/s41810-022-00154-5

Garima Kotnala, S. K. Sharma, T. K. Mandal

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Water-Soluble Ionic Components (NH₄⁺, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻) of PM_2.5 and trace gases (NH₃, NO, NO₂, SO₂, HNO₃) were monitored simultaneously to examine the relationship of ambient NH₃ in the formation of secondary aerosols in Delhi, India from January 2013 to December 2018. During the monitoring period, the average levels of NH₃, NO, NO₂, SO₂ and HNO₃ were 19.1 ± 3.8, 20.8 ± 4.3, 17.9 ± 4.2, 2.45 ± 0.47 and 1.11 ± 0.35 ppb, respectively. The levels of all trace gases (NH₃, NO, NO₂ and SO₂) were higher during the post-monsoon season (except HNO₃ which was higher in the winter season), whereas the concentrations of ionic components (NH₄⁺, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, Ca²⁺ and Na⁺) in PM_2.5 were estimated higher in the winter season. Significant annual variation in mixing ratio of NH₃ was observed during the study period with maxima (24.4 ± 4.5 ppb) in 2014 and minima (15.9 ± 9.1 ppb) in 2016. The correlation matrix of trace gases reveals that the ambient NH₃ neutralises the acid gases (NO, NO₂ and SO₂) at the study site. The study reveals the abundance of particulate NH₄⁺ present in PM_2.5 samples at the study site neutralised the SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ particles during most of the seasons. The result reveals that the formation of NH₄NO₃ was higher during winter season due to favourable meteorological condition (lower temperature and higher relative humidity) and forward reaction of NH₃ and HNO₃.

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德里地区PM2.5水溶性无机离子与氨等微量气体的长期(2013-2018)关系

2013年1月至2018年12月，对印度德里PM2.5和微量气体（NH3、NO、NO2、SO2、HNO3）的水溶性离子组分（NH4+、SO42-、NO3-和Cl−）进行了同时监测，以考察环境NH3与二次气溶胶形成的关系。监测期间，NH3、NO、NO2、SO2和HNO3的平均水平为19.1 ± 3.8、20.8 ± 4.317.9 ± 4.2、2.45 ± 0.47和1.11 ± 0.35 ppb。所有微量气体（NH3、NO、NO2和SO2）的水平在后季风季节都较高（HNO3除外，HNO3在冬季较高），而PM2.5中离子成分（NH4+、SO42-、NO3-、Cl−、Ca2+和Na+）的浓度在冬季估计较高。在研究期间，观察到NH3混合比的显著年度变化，最大值为（24.4 ± 4.5 ppb）和最低值（15.9 ± 9.1 ppb）。微量气体的相关矩阵表明，环境NH3中和了研究地点的酸性气体（NO、NO2和SO2）。研究表明，在大多数季节，研究地点PM2.5样本中存在的大量颗粒物NH4+中和了SO42-、NO3-和Cl−颗粒。结果表明，在冬季，由于有利的气象条件（较低的温度和较高的相对湿度）以及NH3和HNO3的正向反应，NH4NO3的形成较高。

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来源期刊

Aerosol Science and Engineering Environmental Science-Pollution

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

7.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： ASE is an international journal that publishes high-quality papers, communications, and discussion that advance aerosol science and engineering. Acceptable article forms include original research papers, review articles, letters, commentaries, news and views, research highlights, editorials, correspondence, and new-direction columns. ASE emphasizes the application of aerosol technology to both environmental and technical issues, and it provides a platform not only for basic research but also for industrial interests. We encourage scientists and researchers to submit papers that will advance our knowledge of aerosols and highlight new approaches for aerosol studies and new technologies for pollution control. ASE promotes cutting-edge studies of aerosol science and state-of-art instrumentation, but it is not limited to academic topics and instead aims to bridge the gap between basic science and industrial applications. ASE accepts papers covering a broad range of aerosol-related topics, including aerosol physical and chemical properties, composition, formation, transport and deposition, numerical simulation of air pollution incidents, chemical processes in the atmosphere, aerosol control technologies and industrial applications. In addition, ASE welcomes papers involving new and advanced methods and technologies that focus on aerosol pollution, sampling and analysis, including the invention and development of instrumentation, nanoparticle formation, nano technology, indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring, air pollution control, and air pollution remediation and feasibility assessments.