Heterogeneity of Extracellular Vesicles and Particles: Molecular Voxels in the Blood Borne “Hologram” of Organ Function, Dysfunction and Cancer

IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY
Janusz Rak, Leon Strzadala
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) serve as unique carriers of complex molecular information with increasingly recognized roles in health and disease. Individual EVs/EPs collectively contribute to the molecular fingerprint of their producing cell, reflecting its identity, state, function and phenotype. This property is of particular interest in cancer where enormous heterogeneity of cancer cells is compounded by the presence of altered stromal, vascular and immune cell populations, which is further complicated by systemic responses elicited by the disease in individual patients. These diverse and interacting cellular compartments are dynamically represented by myriads of EVs/EPs released into the circulating biofluids (blood) during cancer progression and treatment. Current approaches of liquid biopsy seek to follow specific elements of the EV/EP cargo that may have diagnostic utility (as biomarkers), such as cancer cell-derived mutant oncoproteins or nucleic acids. However, with emerging technologies enabling high-throughput EV/EP analysis at a single particle level, a more holistic approach may be on the horizon. Indeed, each EV/EP carries multidimensional information (molecular “voxel”) that could be integrated across thousands of particles into a larger and unbiased landscape (EV/EP “hologram”) reflecting the true cellular complexity of the disease, along with cellular interactions, systemic responses and effects of treatment. Thus, the longitudinal molecular mapping of EV/EP populations may add a new dimension to crucial aspects of cancer biology, personalized diagnostics, and therapy.

Abstract Image

细胞外囊泡和颗粒的异质性:器官功能、功能障碍和癌症的血源性“全息图”中的分子体素
细胞外囊泡(EVs)和细胞外颗粒(EPs)作为复杂分子信息的独特载体,在健康和疾病中发挥着越来越多的作用。单个ev /EPs共同贡献了其产生细胞的分子指纹,反映了其身份,状态,功能和表型。这种特性在癌症中特别有趣,因为癌细胞的巨大异质性由于基质细胞、血管细胞和免疫细胞群的改变而变得复杂,而个体患者的疾病引起的全身反应使这种异质性进一步复杂化。在癌症进展和治疗过程中,无数ev /EPs释放到循环生物流体(血液)中,动态地代表了这些多样化和相互作用的细胞区室。目前的液体活检方法寻求追踪可能具有诊断效用(作为生物标志物)的EV/EP货物的特定元素,如癌细胞衍生的突变癌蛋白或核酸。然而,随着新兴技术能够在单个颗粒水平上进行高通量EV/EP分析,一种更全面的方法可能即将出现。事实上,每个EV/EP都携带着多维信息(分子“体素”),这些信息可以跨越数千个粒子整合成一个更大、更公正的景观(EV/EP“全息图”),反映出疾病的真实细胞复杂性,以及细胞相互作用、系统反应和治疗效果。因此,EV/EP群体的纵向分子定位可能为癌症生物学、个性化诊断和治疗的关键方面增加一个新的维度。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis (AITE), founded in 1953 by Ludwik Hirszfeld, is a bimonthly, multidisciplinary journal. It publishes reviews and full original papers dealing with immunology, experimental therapy, immunogenetics, transplantation, microbiology, immunochemistry and ethics in science.
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