Advancements in compressed air engine technology and power system integration: A comprehensive review

Abstract

The compressed air power system demonstrates the ability to convert the internal energy stored within compressed air into mechanical energy, thus facilitating power output. Its application within specific domains, such as special purpose vehicles, standby power sources, and fire and explosion prevention, holds significant research and practical value owing to its combustion-free operation, zero pollution and emissions. This paper aims to explain the operational principles and unique features of the compressed air engine (CAE). The reasons for selecting volume-type expanders as CAE components are detailed, including an analysis of their technical characteristics and research developments. Building on this foundation, the paper explores the operational characteristics and research status of traditional compressed air power systems installed in vehicles, with a particular focus on their limited range and excessive cold temperature. Furthermore, the study presents a comprehensive summary of the research progress made in the last few years relating to hybrid power systems that derive from conventional compressed air power systems. Finally, the paper concludes by outlining the expected development trajectory of CAEs and compressed air power systems.