The impact of artificial intelligence on the tasks of mental healthcare workers: A scoping review

Abstract

Background

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is expected to transform the work context deeply. Currently, multiple AI systems are being studied and applied in the mental healthcare field, challenging traditional ways of performing tasks by professionals.

Objectives

This study aims to verify to what extent AI impacts mental healthcare workers’ tasks, describe how AI impacts those tasks, and identify which tasks are impacted.

Design

Two databases were used to find empirical research published between 2019 and December 2022. A total of 46 papers were included in the review.

Results

AI was most often employed for assessment tasks, in which it is generated to support physicians in the diagnostic process. Patient monitoring was also explored by a few papers, which applied intelligent systems to aid professionals by identifying variables that can predict the outcome of the therapeutic process and detect the patients' mood. Regarding therapy, AI systems can contribute by providing insights into patient-therapist interaction and the patient's emotional states. Finally, documentation and medical prescriptions were addressed by one article which measured physicians' opinions on the impact of AI on their jobs.

Conclusion

Artificial Intelligence systems impact the tasks of mental healthcare workers by providing support and enabling greater insights. Most systems aimed to aid mental healthcare workers instead of replacing them. These results highlight the relevance of training professionals to enable hybrid intelligence.