Distribution and isotopic compositions of phenanthrene and methylphenanthrenes in crude oils: Implications for source input delineation and grouping oil families
N'Guessan Francois De Sales Konan , Meijun Li , Shengbao Shi , Abdulkareem Toyin , Andre Hyacinth Latyr Tine , Kojo Amoako , Prince Opoku Appau
{"title":"Distribution and isotopic compositions of phenanthrene and methylphenanthrenes in crude oils: Implications for source input delineation and grouping oil families","authors":"N'Guessan Francois De Sales Konan , Meijun Li , Shengbao Shi , Abdulkareem Toyin , Andre Hyacinth Latyr Tine , Kojo Amoako , Prince Opoku Appau","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2023.105795","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to identify the origins of crude oils by analyzing the δ<sup>13</sup><span>C values of phenanthrene (Phen) and methylphenanthrenes (9-MP and 1-MP) in some selected oils from the Tarim Basin (NW China), Termit Basin (Niger), Bongor Basin (Chad), and Fushan Depression (South China Sea). The study showed that oils with low 9-MP/1-MP ratios (<2.0), phenanthrene (Phen) δ</span><sup>13</sup>C values below −30.0‰, and Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>(9MP-Phen)</sub> and Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>(1MP-Phen)</sub> values above zero are marine-originated oils, while oils with high 9-MP/1-MP ratios (>2.0), phenanthrene (Phen) δ<sup>13</sup>C values above −20.0‰, and Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>(9MP-Phen)</sub> and Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>(1MP-Phen)</sub> values below zero are terrestrial-originated oils. Oil samples with high 9-MP/1-MP ratios (>2.0), phenanthrene (Phen) δ<sup>13</sup>C values ranging from −30.0‰ to −20.0‰, and Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>(9MP−Phen)</sub> and Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>(1MP-Phen)</sub> plots below zero are mixed-originated oils with higher terrestrial contribution. In contrast, oils with low 9-MP/1-MP ratios, phenanthrene (Phen) δ<sup>13</sup>C values ranging from −30.0‰ to −20.0‰, and plotting above and below Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>(9-MP−Phen)</sub> and Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>(1-MP−Phen)</sub> vice versa, are mixed-originated oils with higher contribution from marine sources.</p><p><span>In combination with the geological settings, the results indicated that the oils from the Tarim Basin have three distinct origins. The majority of the oils are marine-sourced oils derived from the Lower-Paleozoic marine carbonate rocks. Oil samples *T2, *T3, and *T4 are mixed-originated oils with higher terrestrial contribution generated from the Mesozoic lacustrine shales/mudstones in the Tarim Basin. The oil samples *T1 (XH1) and *T9 (S94) are from a mixed origin with higher marine material, are derived from Upper-Paleozoic marine shale source rocks in the Tarim Basin. In Termit Basin, most of the selected oils are mixed oils with higher marine organism contribution from YSQ</span><sub>1</sub> and YSQ<sub>2</sub> source rocks from the Mesozoic Yogou Shale Formations, except for *T27 oil sample (Douwani-1), which is a mixed oil with higher terrestrial contribution from YSQ<sub>3</sub> source rocks of the Mesozoic Yogou Shale Formations. As for the selected oils from Bongor Basin and Fushan Depression, they are mixed oils with higher contributions from aquatic organisms generated from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic lacustrine shale rocks, respectively.</p><p>This approach allowed to identify for the first time the mixed origin with higher contribution of marine organic matter of the oil samples *T1 (XH1) and *T9 (S94) from the Tarim Basin, and the mixed origin with higher contribution of terrestrial organic matter of the oil sample *T27 (Douwani-1) from the Termit Basin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8064,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geochemistry","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 105795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Geochemistry","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292723002408","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the origins of crude oils by analyzing the δ13C values of phenanthrene (Phen) and methylphenanthrenes (9-MP and 1-MP) in some selected oils from the Tarim Basin (NW China), Termit Basin (Niger), Bongor Basin (Chad), and Fushan Depression (South China Sea). The study showed that oils with low 9-MP/1-MP ratios (<2.0), phenanthrene (Phen) δ13C values below −30.0‰, and Δ13C(9MP-Phen) and Δ13C(1MP-Phen) values above zero are marine-originated oils, while oils with high 9-MP/1-MP ratios (>2.0), phenanthrene (Phen) δ13C values above −20.0‰, and Δ13C(9MP-Phen) and Δ13C(1MP-Phen) values below zero are terrestrial-originated oils. Oil samples with high 9-MP/1-MP ratios (>2.0), phenanthrene (Phen) δ13C values ranging from −30.0‰ to −20.0‰, and Δ13C(9MP−Phen) and Δ13C(1MP-Phen) plots below zero are mixed-originated oils with higher terrestrial contribution. In contrast, oils with low 9-MP/1-MP ratios, phenanthrene (Phen) δ13C values ranging from −30.0‰ to −20.0‰, and plotting above and below Δ13C(9-MP−Phen) and Δ13C(1-MP−Phen) vice versa, are mixed-originated oils with higher contribution from marine sources.
In combination with the geological settings, the results indicated that the oils from the Tarim Basin have three distinct origins. The majority of the oils are marine-sourced oils derived from the Lower-Paleozoic marine carbonate rocks. Oil samples *T2, *T3, and *T4 are mixed-originated oils with higher terrestrial contribution generated from the Mesozoic lacustrine shales/mudstones in the Tarim Basin. The oil samples *T1 (XH1) and *T9 (S94) are from a mixed origin with higher marine material, are derived from Upper-Paleozoic marine shale source rocks in the Tarim Basin. In Termit Basin, most of the selected oils are mixed oils with higher marine organism contribution from YSQ1 and YSQ2 source rocks from the Mesozoic Yogou Shale Formations, except for *T27 oil sample (Douwani-1), which is a mixed oil with higher terrestrial contribution from YSQ3 source rocks of the Mesozoic Yogou Shale Formations. As for the selected oils from Bongor Basin and Fushan Depression, they are mixed oils with higher contributions from aquatic organisms generated from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic lacustrine shale rocks, respectively.
This approach allowed to identify for the first time the mixed origin with higher contribution of marine organic matter of the oil samples *T1 (XH1) and *T9 (S94) from the Tarim Basin, and the mixed origin with higher contribution of terrestrial organic matter of the oil sample *T27 (Douwani-1) from the Termit Basin.
期刊介绍：
Applied Geochemistry is an international journal devoted to publication of original research papers, rapid research communications and selected review papers in geochemistry and urban geochemistry which have some practical application to an aspect of human endeavour, such as the preservation of the environment, health, waste disposal and the search for resources. Papers on applications of inorganic, organic and isotope geochemistry and geochemical processes are therefore welcome provided they meet the main criterion. Spatial and temporal monitoring case studies are only of interest to our international readership if they present new ideas of broad application.
Topics covered include: (1) Environmental geochemistry (including natural and anthropogenic aspects, and protection and remediation strategies); (2) Hydrogeochemistry (surface and groundwater); (3) Medical (urban) geochemistry; (4) The search for energy resources (in particular unconventional oil and gas or emerging metal resources); (5) Energy exploitation (in particular geothermal energy and CCS); (6) Upgrading of energy and mineral resources where there is a direct geochemical application; and (7) Waste disposal, including nuclear waste disposal.
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