Conifer Defences against Pathogens and Pests — Mechanisms, Breeding, and Management

IF 9 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY
Melissa H. Mageroy, Nina E. Nagy, Arne Steffenrem, Paal Krokene, Ari M. Hietala
{"title":"Conifer Defences against Pathogens and Pests — Mechanisms, Breeding, and Management","authors":"Melissa H. Mageroy, Nina E. Nagy, Arne Steffenrem, Paal Krokene, Ari M. Hietala","doi":"10.1007/s40725-023-00201-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>Forestry in northern temperate and boreal regions relies heavily on conifers. Rapid climate change and associated increases in adverse growing conditions predispose conifers to pathogens and pests. The much longer generation time and presumably, therefore, lower adaptive capacity of conifers relative to their native or non-native biotic stressors may have devastating consequences. We provide an updated overview of conifer defences underlying pathogen and pest resistance and discuss how defence traits can be used in tree breeding and forest management to improve resistance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Breeding of more resilient and stress-resistant trees will benefit from new genomic tools, such as genotyping arrays with increased genomic coverage, which will aid in genomic and relationship-based selection strategies. However, to successfully increase the resilience of conifer forests, improved genetic materials from breeding programs must be combined with more flexible and site-specific adaptive forest management.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Successful breeding programs to improve conifer resistance to pathogens and pests provide hope as well as valuable lessons: with a coordinated and sustained effort, increased resistance can be achieved. However, mechanisms underlying resistance against one stressor, even if involving many genes, may not provide any protection against other sympatric stressors. To maintain the adaptive capacity of conifer forests, it is important to keep high genetic diversity in the tree breeding programs. Choosing forest management options that include diversification of tree-species and forest structure and are coupled with the use of genetically improved plants and assisted migration is a proactive measure to increase forest resistance and resilience to foreseen and unanticipated biotic stressors in a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":48653,"journal":{"name":"Current Forestry Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Forestry Reports","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-023-00201-5","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Forestry in northern temperate and boreal regions relies heavily on conifers. Rapid climate change and associated increases in adverse growing conditions predispose conifers to pathogens and pests. The much longer generation time and presumably, therefore, lower adaptive capacity of conifers relative to their native or non-native biotic stressors may have devastating consequences. We provide an updated overview of conifer defences underlying pathogen and pest resistance and discuss how defence traits can be used in tree breeding and forest management to improve resistance.

Recent Findings

Breeding of more resilient and stress-resistant trees will benefit from new genomic tools, such as genotyping arrays with increased genomic coverage, which will aid in genomic and relationship-based selection strategies. However, to successfully increase the resilience of conifer forests, improved genetic materials from breeding programs must be combined with more flexible and site-specific adaptive forest management.

Summary

Successful breeding programs to improve conifer resistance to pathogens and pests provide hope as well as valuable lessons: with a coordinated and sustained effort, increased resistance can be achieved. However, mechanisms underlying resistance against one stressor, even if involving many genes, may not provide any protection against other sympatric stressors. To maintain the adaptive capacity of conifer forests, it is important to keep high genetic diversity in the tree breeding programs. Choosing forest management options that include diversification of tree-species and forest structure and are coupled with the use of genetically improved plants and assisted migration is a proactive measure to increase forest resistance and resilience to foreseen and unanticipated biotic stressors in a changing climate.

针叶树对病原体和害虫的防御-机制,繁殖和管理
北温带和寒带地区的林业主要依赖针叶树。快速的气候变化和相关的不利生长条件的增加使针叶树容易受到病原体和害虫的侵害。相对于原生或非原生的生物压力源,较长的世代时间和较低的适应能力可能会带来毁灭性的后果。我们提供了最新的概述针叶树防御潜在的病原体和害虫抗性,并讨论如何防御性状可以用于树木育种和森林管理,以提高抗性。最近的发现培育更具抗逆性和抗逆性的树木将受益于新的基因组工具,例如增加基因组覆盖率的基因分型阵列,这将有助于基因组和基于关系的选择策略。然而,为了成功地提高针叶林的恢复力,必须将来自育种计划的改良遗传物质与更灵活和针对特定地点的适应性森林管理相结合。提高针叶树对病原体和害虫的抗性的成功育种计划提供了希望和宝贵的经验:通过协调和持续的努力,可以实现增强抗性。然而,对一种压力源的潜在抵抗机制,即使涉及许多基因,也可能不提供任何针对其他同域压力源的保护。为了保持针叶林的适应能力,在树木育种中保持高度的遗传多样性是非常重要的。选择包括树种和森林结构多样化,并结合使用基因改良植物和辅助迁移的森林管理办法,是在气候变化中增强森林对可预见和不可预见的生物压力源的抵抗力和复原力的一项积极措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Current Forestry Reports
Current Forestry Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
15.90
自引率
2.10%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: Current Forestry Reports features in-depth review articles written by global experts on significant advancements in forestry. Its goal is to provide clear, insightful, and balanced contributions that highlight and summarize important topics for forestry researchers and managers. To achieve this, the journal appoints international authorities as Section Editors in various key subject areas like physiological processes, tree genetics, forest management, remote sensing, and wood structure and function. These Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that focus on new developments and recently published papers of great importance. Moreover, an international Editorial Board evaluates the yearly table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their specific country or region, and ensures that the topics are up-to-date and include emerging research.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信