Measurement invariance of the almost perfect scale-revised in the Philippines and the United States

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Almost Perfect Scale-Revised measures perfectionism using three subscales: Standards (i.e., expectations set by the self), Discrepancy (i.e., self-criticism related to not reaching these expectations or standards), and Order (i.e., tendency to appreciate orderliness). Measurement invariance was tested using undergraduate students from the Philippines (N = 487) and the United States (N = 396). Exploratory structural equation modelling models showed reasonable fit for a three-factor structure, and metric invariance was supported. Results suggest that we can trust comparison of correlation/regression coefficients across the two samples in addition to any comparisons between associations of predictors and various outcomes between the two samples.