Depression, anxiety, and stress among general public of india during post-COVID-19 second wave: A web-based cross-sectional survey

IF 0.2 Q4 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Indian Journal of Medical Specialities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI:10.4103/injms.injms_103_21

J. Mekala, Narayana Goruntla, B. Nayaka, Kavyasree Velpula, Raghavendra Biswas, K. Veerabhadrappa, B. Pradeepkumar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Evidence suggests that one-third of respondents had a significant psychological impact in the lockdown period of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This indicates a need for longitudinal assessment of the psychological needs of the public to plan holistic interventions. Aim: To investigate depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) levels among the general public post-COVID-19 second wave. Materials and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among the general public who were aged above 15 years. The data were collected through online mode by providing a link to fill Google Form. The survey tool was disseminated in various messenger groups and social media networks. The survey tool comprises demographics, COVID-19 stressors, and DAS Scale 21 (DASS-21). Multi and Univariate linear regression analysis was used to correlate patient characteristics and COVID-19 stressors with DASS-21 subscales. Results: A total of 2515 (males = 1274; females = 1241) people participated in this web-based survey. The mean age of the study respondents was 31.3 ± 13.4 years. The mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were 6.8 ± 8.6, 5.0 ± 7.3, and 7.3 ± 8.6, respectively. The majority of the participants are normal in all sub-scales of DASS-21. Very few are experiencing symptoms of severe or extremely severe depression (4.2%, 4.3%), anxiety (3.3%, 6.9%), and stress (3.0%, 2.3%). Geriatrics, females, health-care workers, homemakers/unemployed/retired people, rural residents, and people suffering from co-morbidities have a significant elevation of DAS scores with a P < 0.05. Conclusion: Even though most of the respondents are free from the DAS symptoms, few are still (post-COVID-19 second wave) experiencing symptoms of severe or extremely severe DAS subscales. More interview-based and probability sampling future studies are warranted to minimize the biases present in the study.

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新冠肺炎疫情后第二波疫情期间印度公众的抑郁、焦虑和压力：一项基于网络的横断面调查

背景：有证据表明，三分之一的受访者在2019冠状病毒病（新冠肺炎）大流行的封锁期产生了重大的心理影响。这表明需要对公众的心理需求进行纵向评估，以规划整体干预措施。目的：调查COVID-19第二波疫情后普通公众的抑郁、焦虑和压力（DAS）水平。材料和方法：在15岁以上的普通公众中进行了一项基于网络的横断面调查。数据是通过在线模式收集的，提供了填写谷歌表格的链接。该调查工具在各种信使团体和社交媒体网络中传播。该调查工具包括人口统计、新冠肺炎压力源和DAS 21量表（DAS-21）。使用多变量和单变量线性回归分析将患者特征和新冠肺炎应激源与DAS-21分量表相关联。结果：共有2515人（男性1274人；女性1241人）参加了这项基于网络的调查。研究对象的平均年龄为31.3±13.4岁。抑郁、焦虑和压力的平均得分分别为6.8±8.6、5.0±7.3和7.3±8.6。大多数参与者在DAS-21的所有子量表中都是正常的。很少有人出现严重或极严重的抑郁（4.2%，4.3%）、焦虑（3.3%，6.9%）和压力（3.0%，2.3%）症状。老年人、女性、医护人员、家庭主妇/失业/退休人员、农村居民和合并症患者的DAS评分显著升高，P＜0.05。结论：尽管大多数受访者没有出现DAS症状，但仍有少数人（COVID-19第二波疫情后）出现严重或极其严重的DAS分量表症状。未来有必要进行更多基于访谈和概率抽样的研究，以最大限度地减少研究中存在的偏见。

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来源期刊

Indian Journal of Medical Specialities MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-

自引率

16.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Indian Journal of Medical Specialities is an all-encompassing peer-reviewed quarterly journal. The journal publishes scholarly articles, reviews, case reports and original research papers from medical specialities specially pertaining to clinical patterns and epidemiological profile of diseases. An important highlight is the emphasis on undergraduate and postgraduate medical education including various aspects of scientific paper-writing. The journal gives priority to research originating from the developing world, including from the tropical regions of the world. The journal also publishes special issues on health topics of current interest. The Indian Journal of Medical Specialities is one of the very few quality multispeciality scientific medical journals.