Plug-in Electric Vehicles Participation in Primary Frequency Control Considering Charging Demand

IF 2.4 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Smart Science Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI:10.1080/23080477.2022.2074661

Parvez Ahmad, Nitin Singh

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

ABSTRACT Electric Vehicle is now a global term, affecting the transportation sector, automobile industry, and electric grid scenario. As Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) penetration level is escalating, PEVs will create new challenges and opportunities for transportation and the electric grid in the near future. The distributed stored energy of PEVs with high active power controllability turns PEVs into new distributed energy sources (DES) for the grid. With a high penetration level, PEVs can also provide ancillary services to the grid, e.g., primary frequency control (PFC). Although grid support provided by PEVs is limited because of additional operational limitations and various constraints of PEVs and the grid. A new charging model for PEVs has been proposed in this paper to investigate the potential of PEVs for primary frequency control. The proposed model incorporates several PEV characteristics such as charger topology, drive power limitation, and operational modes with proper consideration of PEV’s charging demand profile. Furthermore, a control scheme is proposed to decide the availability of PEVs for ancillary services and compute the participation level of PEVs without affecting the charging demands. In the end, several scenarios have been used to evaluate and show the potential of PEVs for the PFC in the power system. The maximum deviation of frequency is reduced by 17.39% in case 1 of Scenario A, 26.08% in case 2 of Scenario A and 21.73% in both cases of Scenario B with proper consideration of charging demands. Graphical abstract

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考虑充电需求的插电式电动汽车参与基频控制

摘要电动汽车现在是一个全球性的术语，影响着交通部门、汽车行业和电网场景。随着插电式电动汽车（PEV）的普及水平不断提高，PEV将在不久的将来为交通和电网带来新的挑战和机遇。具有高有功功率可控性的PEV的分布式存储能量将PEV转变为电网新的分布式能源（DES）。在高渗透水平下，PEV还可以向电网提供辅助服务，例如，初级频率控制（PFC）。尽管由于PEV和电网的额外操作限制和各种限制，PEV提供的电网支持是有限的。本文提出了一种新的PEV充电模型，以研究PEV用于基频控制的潜力。所提出的模型结合了PEV的几个特性，如充电器拓扑结构、驱动功率限制和运行模式，并适当考虑了PEV充电需求曲线。此外，提出了一种控制方案，在不影响充电需求的情况下，决定PEV用于辅助服务的可用性，并计算PEV的参与水平。最后，使用了几个场景来评估和展示PEV在电力系统中用于PFC的潜力。在适当考虑充电需求的情况下，场景A的情况1下，频率的最大偏差降低了17.39%，场景A情况2下，频率偏差降低了26.08%，场景B两种情况下频率偏差均降低了21.73%。图形摘要

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来源期刊

Smart Science Engineering-Engineering (all)

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

4.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Smart Science (ISSN 2308-0477) is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes significant original scientific researches, and reviews and analyses of current research and science policy. We welcome submissions of high quality papers from all fields of science and from any source. Articles of an interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcomed. Smart Science aims to be among the top multidisciplinary journals covering a broad spectrum of smart topics in the fields of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology. Smart Science is currently focusing on the topics of Smart Manufacturing (CPS, IoT and AI) for Industry 4.0, Smart Energy and Smart Chemistry and Materials. Other specific research areas covered by the journal include, but are not limited to: 1. Smart Science in the Future 2. Smart Manufacturing: -Cyber-Physical System (CPS) -Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Brain (IoB) -Artificial Intelligence -Smart Computing -Smart Design/Machine -Smart Sensing -Smart Information and Networks 3. Smart Energy and Thermal/Fluidic Science 4. Smart Chemistry and Materials