Typology of Elements of Geometric Ornaments and their Relationships with Varieties of Decorative and Applied Arts of Ukraine

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to try to identify the characteristic features of ornaments of each type of decorative and applied art of Ukraine and to systematize the main elements of geometric ornament. Methodology. Abstraction and comparison analysis methods were used. The method of theoretical generalization made it possible to summarize the results of this study. The scientific novelty consists in compiling a typology of elements of geometric ornament based on the analysis of a wide base of samples of various types of decorative and applied art; as well as in establishing the typicality and uniqueness of certain types of elements for various types of decorative and applied art. Conclusions. The set of graphic elements identified in the process of analyzing varieties of Ukrainian decorative and applied art can be divided into 6 types: angular lines, complex lines, plastic lines, angular forms, plastic forms, combined plastic-angular forms. In turn, angular shapes are divided into simple and combined quadrilaterals, triangles, hexagons, stepped shapes and complex polygonal shapes. Plastic forms are divided into rings and semicircles, circles and ovals, pointed ovals. A table and diagrams of the distribution of elements of geometric ornament have been compiled. It was determined that the most typical elements representing several directions of decorative and applied art of Ukraine should be considered slanted notches and dashes, zigzags, triangles, rhombuses and stars. They are found in samples of all branches of decorative and applied art of Ukraine. At the same time, geometric shapes and forms based on their groupings, such as stepped rhombuses and stepped triangles, are unique to weaving and carpet making. The combination of patterned shapes and angles, as well as elements based on drops and acute-angled ovals are characteristic exclusively of pysankarstvо.