Turkic morphology seen by the Arabic grammarians. The passive

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Robert Ermers
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Abstract

This paper deals with the analyses of medieval Arab grammarians of passive and resultative verbs in Turkic. In Arabic grammatical theory, certain forms are correlated with unique meanings. In Arabic there are basically two types of passives: first, an internal apophonic passive, indicated by a vowel shift within the verbal root, e.g. /faˁila/ → /fuˁila/; secondly, a passive indicated by the prefix in- attached to the root, i.e. Form VII, which results in the infinitive pattern infiˁāl —yet verbal forms construed according to the VII paradigm are in addition often interpreted as resultative verbs. In Turkic, verbs can be passivized by adding an -Vl- to the verbal stem (under some criteria this is -Vn-), e.g. ˀur- ‘hit’ → ˀur-ul- ‘be hit’; the Turkish -Vn- form also expresses the reflexive form, e.g. ˀur-un- ‘hit oneself’. In addition, other suffixes may indicate passivization. This poses problems for the grammarians, which they tackle in similar but also very distinct ways: the distinctions between the two passive forms in Arabic, the missing resultative in Turkic, the passive in Turkic, the notion of stem in Turkic versus root in Arabic theory, the position of the inserted element, the criteria according to which the Turkic passive form is not -Vl- but instead -Vn-, to name but a few.
阿拉伯语语法学家所看到的突厥语形态。被动的
本文对中世纪阿拉伯语法学家对突厥语中的被动动词和结果动词进行了分析。在阿拉伯语语法理论中,某些形式与独特的含义相关。在阿拉伯语中,基本上有两种类型的被动语态:第一,内部质外体被动语态,由词根内的元音移位表示,例如/faˁila/→ /fuˁila/;第二,词根中的前缀表示的被动语态,即Form VII、 这导致了不定式模式infiˁāl——但根据VII解释的动词形式 范型通常被解释为结果动词。在突厥语中,动词可以通过在词干上加一个-Vl-来被动化(在某些标准下,这是-Vn-),例如ˀur-“hit”→ ˀur ul-“被击中”;土耳其语-Vn-形式也表达反身形式,例如ˀur un-“打自己”。此外,其他后缀可能表示被动化。这给语法学家带来了问题,他们用相似但也非常不同的方式来处理这些问题:阿拉伯语中两种被动形式之间的区别,突厥语中缺失的结果格,突厥语的被动格,阿拉伯语理论中突厥语词干与词根的概念,插入元素的位置,突厥语被动形式不是-Vl而是-Vn的标准,仅举几个例子。
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来源期刊
Histoire Epistemologie Langage
Histoire Epistemologie Langage Arts and Humanities-Philosophy
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
15
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