Okorusu tailings – Part II: REE mineralisation, and oxygen and carbon isotope variations

IF 1.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOLOGY
S. Lohmeier, J. Machleidt, R. Klemd, R. Ellmies
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Okorusu carbonatite complex and the mine’s tailings dump constitute a potential resource of rare earth elements meaning lanthanides and yttrium (REY). Small (≤100 μm), hydrothermal REE fluorcarbonates (bastnäsite, parisite, röntgenite and synchysite) are the principal light REE carriers while the heavy REE and Y are primarily hosted in magmatic apatite, magmatic-hydrothermal carbonates (calcite, dolomite, ankerite) and hydrothermal fluorite. Bastnäsite and röntgenite occur as individual, liberated crystals in the tailings albeit syntaxial intergrowths of acicular parisite-synchysite-röntgenite are more common. There is a clear trend of decreasing REY contents in the magmatic carbonates over the early hydrothermal carbonates to the late hydrothermal carbonates. The lower total REY abundance in the hydrothermal carbonates is interpreted to be mainly a consequence of their limited redistribution during hydrothermal activity following the breakdown of the primary magmatic minerals and precipitation of REE fluorcarbonates. During this process hydrothermal fluids changed the isotopic composition of the Okorusu carbonatites by shifting δ13C-δ18O pairs of magmatic carbonatite (δ13C: -6.5‰ to -5.4‰; δ18O: +6.4‰ to +11.2‰) to higher values of hydrothermally modified carbonatite (δ13C: -4.2 to -2.2; δ18O: +12.0‰ to +17.5‰). The preferential presence of REY in the magmatic carbonates and to a minor degree in the hydrothermal carbonates in the Okorusu carbonatite and tailings is an important exploration tool for primary magmatic REY mineralisations. The recovery of REE fluorcarbonates can be considered in the development of the flowsheet for the planned recycling of the tailings material as a potential REY by-product.
Okorusu尾矿——第二部分:REE矿化以及氧和碳同位素变化
Okorusu碳酸岩杂岩和矿山尾矿堆构成了稀土元素的潜在资源,即镧系元素和钇(REY)。小型(≤100μm)热液REE氟碳酸盐岩(氟碳石、方沸石、röntgrante和同步硅岩)是主要的轻REE载体,而重REE和Y主要存在于岩浆磷灰石、岩浆热液碳酸盐岩(方解石、白云石、铁白云石)和热液萤石中。Bastnäsite和röntgrante作为单独的、释放的晶体出现在尾矿中,尽管针状方沸石-方沸石-rörtgrante的同轴共生更为常见。从早期热液碳酸盐到晚期热液碳酸盐,岩浆碳酸盐中REY含量有明显的下降趋势。热液碳酸盐中较低的总REY丰度被解释为主要是由于它们在原始岩浆矿物分解和REE氟碳酸盐沉淀后的热液活动中的有限再分配。在这一过程中,热液流体通过将岩浆碳酸岩的δ13C-δ18O对(δ13C:-6.5‰至-5.4‰;δ18O:+6.4‰至+11.2‰)转移到更高的水热改性碳酸岩值(δ13C:-4.2‰至-2.2;δ18O:+12.0‰至+17.5‰)来改变Okorusu碳酸岩的同位素组成Okorusu碳酸盐岩和尾矿中热液碳酸盐的程度是原始岩浆REY矿化的重要勘探工具。REE氟碳酸盐的回收可以在制定尾矿材料作为潜在REY副产品的计划回收流程时考虑。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.60%
发文量
18
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The South African Journal of Geology publishes scientific papers, notes, stratigraphic descriptions and discussions in the broadly defined fields of geoscience that are related directly or indirectly to the geology of Africa. Contributions relevant to former supercontinental entities such as Gondwana and Rodinia are also welcome as are topical studies on any geoscience-related discipline. Review papers are welcome as long as they represent original, new syntheses. Special issues are also encouraged but terms for these must be negotiated with the Editors.
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